Leadership and Management at the Coca Cola Company Essay -- Business M

Leadership and Management at the Coca Cola CompanyBusiness is an economic institution whose goal is economic Survival and whose activities atomic number 18 dominated by the profit motive.Its primary purpose is to create and satisfy a customer and make aprofit. To achieve this purpose, business must be skilfully managed.Management is defined as the art of conducting and supervising abusiness or as using judgment in business affairs. A double-decker is onewho actively directs, controls and manipulates his or her businessenvironment in a manner that takes account of the risks involved inorder to realize monetary gain.Successful business leaders have stressed that good management skills,whether in a large corporation or in a one-man(prenominal) business, are vitalto the success of a business. Many small business people may be goodat launching their venture, but short in managing the development andlater stages of the business.DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN A MANAGER AND A LEADE RLeadership is just one of the many assets a successful manager mustpossess. Care must be taken in distinguishing between the twoconcepts. The main aim of a manager is to maximise the output of the fundamental law through administrative implementation. To achieve this,managers must undertake the following functions* Organisation* Planning* Staffing* Directing* ControllingLeadership is just one important atom of the directing function.A manager can non just be a leader he also needs formal authority tobe effective. In virtually circumstances, leadership is not required. Forexample, self-motivated groups may not require a single leader and mayfind leaders dominating. The fact that a leader is not always requiredp... ...f management style involves empowerment. In this managementstyle individuals and teams are given responsibilities and decisionsto make, usually within a given framework. If anything wrong happens indeed the individuals and teams are then held responsible for thedecis ions that are chosen. With this flake of management style itallows the manager to feel comfortable with other people in theorganization making some of the decisions. Democratic managers willoften want feed back from their employees on decisions being made.Democratic leaders listen and act on the opinions of the group. Thistype of management is good as it makes the employees happy andproductivity is high. This is very good because employees thoughtsand suggestions are listened to by the business. This makes theemployees seem as if they are respected and that their thoughts arevalid.

Pierre Elliot Trudeau :: essays research papers

Pierre Elliot TrudeauPublished in 1968, Federalism and the French Canadians is anideological anthology featuring a series of essays written by PierreElliot Trudeau during his time spent with the Federal Liberal party ofCanada. The emphasis of the book deals with the problems and conflictsfacing the country during the Duplessis regime in Quebec. WhileTrudeau stresses his adamant convictions on Anglophone/Francophonerelations and struggles for equality in a confederated land, he alsoelaborates on his own ideological views pertaining to Federalism andNationalism. The subscriber is introduced to some(prenominal) essays that discuss tyke legislature and conflict (Quebec and the thoroughProblem, A Constitutional Declaration of Rights) while othercompositions deal with impending and contemporary Federal predicaments(Federal Grants to Universities, The Practice and Theory ofFederalism, Separatist Counter-Revolutionaries). Throughout all thesedocumented personal accounts and critiques, t he reader learns thatTrudeau is a sharp critic of contemporary Quebec nationalism and thathis prime political conviction (or thesis) is sporadically reflectedin each essay Federalism is the only possible administration of governmentthat breeds and sustains equality in a multicultural country such asCanada.Trudeau is fervent and stalwart in his opinions towardsFederalism and its ramifications on Canadian citizenry. Born andbrocaded in Quebec, he attended several prestigious institutions thateducated him about the political spectrum of the country. After histime spent at the London School of Economics, Trudeau returned toQuebec at a time when the province was experiencing vast differenceswith its Federal overseer. The Union Nationale, a religiousnationalist movement rooted deep in the heart of Quebec culture, had agonistic the Federal government to reconcile and mediate with them inorder to avoid civil disorder or unrest. The Premier of Quebec at thetime, Maurice Duplessis, found it almost unworkable to appease theneeds of each diverse interest group and faction rising within theprovince and ultimately buckled underneath the increasing pressure.Many Francophones believed that they were creation discriminated andtreated unfairly due to the British North American Act which failed torecognize the unique nature of the province in its list of provisions.Trudeau, with the aid of several colleagues, fought the imminent waveof social chaos in Quebec with anti-clerical and communist visions heobtained while in his adolescent years. However, as the nationalistmovement gained momentum against the Provincial government, Trudeaucame to the startling realization that Provincial autonomy would notsolidify Quebecs future in the country (he believed that separatismwould soon follow) and unless Duplessis could successfully negotiate(on the issue of a constitution) with the rest of Canada, the prospectof self-sovereignty for Quebec would transpire.His first essay (Quebec and th e Constitutional Problem) explores

The Importance of Judicial Review Essay -- American Government Constit

By creating a Constitution, it is assumed that the people are going to agree to it as the integrity of the land. The Supreme Court is responsible for upholding the Constitution by adage the laws for the benefit of the people. The justices would be violating their oath if they were to oblige this obligation. If the Constitution were non the law of the land, wherefore would it dwell? This is the justification for legal review, or the right of the court to declare legislative or executive unconstitutional. The Constitution states in article III, section 2 that, The legal power shall extend to all cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority. (Shafritz and Weinberg 16). Therefore, Judicial review is an implied power that determines whether or not legislation is constitutional and is necessary for the protection of the Constitutional rights of the people. The judiciary is not a representation of a particular party as it is in the legislative and executive branches. Although justices belong to different parties and they may have views determined by their political beliefs, the role of a justice is to carefully determine and interpret laws ground on the Constitution. To do this, they must provide legitimate reason to defend their decisions and therefore, judicial review is beneficial for a successful nation. As a takings of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court found that it did not have jurisdiction over the case and therefore could not issue a writ of mandamus. This is the freshman authority of judicial review by the Supreme Court. Regarding judicial review, Chief Justice John Marshall wrote in his opinion that, It is empha... ...es his point by saying that it does not specify the extent of those powers. Personally, I believe that judicial review is a necessity in order to preserve the constitution. Thus, I disagree with Gibsons opinion. Althoug h I understand the content of his words and why he believes them, but I think a very specific power such as judicial review is necessary to check the other branches. The judiciary cannot abuse the power but the legislative and executive branches can create laws that are opprobrious to the powers minded(p) to them by the constitution. This is why judicial review is a necessity. Works CitedEpstein, Lee, and Walker, Thomas. Constitutional Law for a Changing America Institutional Powers and Constraints. Washington, D.C. CQ, 2007Shafritz, Jay M., and Lee S. Weinberg. Classics in American Government. Belmont, CA Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006. The Importance of Judicial Review Essay -- American Government ConstitBy creating a Constitution, it is assumed that the people are going to agree to it as the law of the land. The Supreme Court is responsible for upholding the Constitution by interpreting the laws for the benefit of the people. The justices would be violating their oat h if they were to oblige this obligation. If the Constitution were not the law of the land, why would it exist? This is the justification for judicial review, or the right of the court to declare legislative or executive unconstitutional. The Constitution states in article III, section 2 that, The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority. (Shafritz and Weinberg 16). Therefore, Judicial review is an implied power that determines whether or not legislation is constitutional and is necessary for the protection of the Constitutional rights of the people. The judiciary is not a representation of a particular party as it is in the legislative and executive branches. Although justices belong to different parties and they may have views determined by their political beliefs, the role of a justice is to carefully determine and interpret laws bas ed on the Constitution. To do this, they must provide legitimate reason to defend their decisions and therefore, judicial review is beneficial for a successful nation. As a result of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court found that it did not have jurisdiction over the case and therefore could not issue a writ of mandamus. This is the first instance of judicial review by the Supreme Court. Regarding judicial review, Chief Justice John Marshall wrote in his opinion that, It is empha... ...es his point by saying that it does not specify the extent of those powers. Personally, I believe that judicial review is a necessity in order to preserve the constitution. Thus, I disagree with Gibsons opinion. Although I understand the content of his words and why he believes them, but I think a very specific power such as judicial review is necessary to check the other branches. The judiciary cannot abuse the power but the legislative and executive branches can create laws that are abusive to th e powers given to them by the constitution. This is why judicial review is a necessity. Works CitedEpstein, Lee, and Walker, Thomas. Constitutional Law for a Changing America Institutional Powers and Constraints. Washington, D.C. CQ, 2007Shafritz, Jay M., and Lee S. Weinberg. Classics in American Government. Belmont, CA Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006.

The Allegorical Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

The Allegorical Young Goodman brownish The story about Young Goodman Brown centers around the allegory of a man match against his past and his desires to reach beyond that which his benighted heaven would put before him. The allegory is Christian due to the references in Young Goodman Brown to the disturb and Satan it only seems logical that the crux of the story is based upon the phantasmal imagery of Hawthornes New England in the times of Salem and active religious strife. The beginning of the story mentions the goodmans wife, Faith. The names of the characters alone serve as an indication of what Hawthorne puts as an obvious religious allegory with the goodman and conviction soon to be pitted against an unspeakable evil. The goodman even swears that after this night he will cling to her skirts and follow her to heaven. The devil awaits Young Goodman Brown as he states that the clock of the old(a) south was striking but a few minutes past (Hawthorne is stating how quickly the devil can move--intensifying the airs of the preternatural). Young Goodman Brown replies to the devil that faith was keeping him away--Hawthornes play on words should not be overlooked as this also leads to the realization that a man (a good one) can get by with the devil and possibly win. At this stage in the story the reader still has hope for the goodman who must now deal with what he feels is his duty honor-bound. A good man in Hawthornes day was a psyche who came from a proper lineage. This very lineage Hawthorne exploits as he begins the goodmans discourse with the devil. The goodman claims that he is from a family of good men that have never been into the forest on such an errand to meet the devil Hawthorne depends upon this defense to criticize the patriarchal lineage upon which a person places his worth. This view is quickly derailed as the devil himself states that all of his ancestors were with him as they tortured women in Salem or burned to the ground Indian village s, and afterwards the devil and his ancestors would go for a friendly walk. Hawthorne has derided the institution of Young Goodman Browns lineage, and his societys view of honor by pointing to some simple facts. The question remains as to whom or what is the devil.

Rural American Family Farms :: essays research papers

Oxfam America is a set uper of small family kindle establish business, according to Laura Rusu the US government spends up to 16 billion dollars a year on farm payments. Most of those funds from the US government go towards large commercial farms. Oxfam America is supporting the act called the Rural America Preservation Act, which will help little based farms with funding. Since there are so many loopholes in the current government system that are only helping the larger commercial based farms, this Act will help delay these loopholes and help the smaller farms with more funding. There are many misleading ideas about the small scale farms, some of which are that small scale farms cannot support a family, that they need to grow into large scale farms to make money, and that small scale farming is usually just a hobby or for spear carrier income. After researching the agribusiness, most of these accusations and most because small scale farms could be more successful if they were provided the support from state and federal governments like they should be. In the statement of Barbara Fiorito (2005), the US government spends up to 16 billion dollars each year on farm payments, and 70 percent of the money goes to the farms that are already receiving government funding either through different federal grants or state funding. The article discuses how the large commercial farms also hurt smaller farms abroad. Since a large farm can mass produce a product they can sell their product at a much lower price because of the supply they have, verses the smaller farm that can not produce as much so it must then have higher prices. Even though this example that Oxfam feed us is using farms from abroad it is the same kind of situations small American agribusinesses are facing. Andrea Perera of Oxfam said that the Rural America Preservation Act if passed will margin the subsidy payments to industrial farms and corporations and will help family farmers make a living. If pa ssed, this Act will now have a cap on payments the farms will experience the payments will be lowered by 30 percent from $360,000 to $250,000 said Perera in her article and most loopholes in the current government allow the largest farms to arrest enormous subsidies, which can exceed $1 million will also be taken care of too.In doing research it seems that most common hatful or people that grew up in larger cities have been mislead to what a small farm is.

Rural American Family Farms :: essays research papers

Oxfam the States is a supporter of downhearted family farm based business, according to Laura Rusu the US government spends up to 16 billion dollars a year on farm payments. Most of those funds from the US government go towards large commercial farms. Oxfam America is supporting the act called the Rural America Preservation work, which will help smaller based farms with funding. Since there are so many loopholes in the current government system that are lone(prenominal) helping the larger commercial based farms, this Act will help prevent these loopholes and help the smaller farms with to a greater extent funding. There are many lead astray ideas about the small scale farms, some of which are that small scale farms cannot support a family, that they need to grow into large scale farms to make money, and that small scale farming is usually just a hobby or for extra income. After researching the agribusiness, most of these accusations and most because small scale farms could be mo re successful if they were provided the support from state and federal governments like they should be. In the statement of Barbara Fiorito (2005), the US government spends up to 16 billion dollars each year on farm payments, and 70 percent of the money goes to the farms that are already receiving government funding either through different federal grants or state funding. The member discuses how the large commercial farms as well as hurt smaller farms abroad. Since a large farm can mass produce a product they can consider their product at a much lower price because of the supply they have, verses the smaller farm that can not produce as much so it must then have higher prices. Even though this example that Oxfam give us is using farms from abroad it is the same kind of situations small American agribusinesses are facing. Andrea Perera of Oxfam utter that the Rural America Preservation Act if passed will limit the subsidy payments to industrial farms and corporations and will he lp family farmers make a living. If passed, this Act will now have a cap on payments the farms will receive the payments will be lowered by 30 percent from $360,000 to $250,000 said Perera in her article and most loopholes in the current government allow the largest farms to collect enormous subsidies, which can exceed $1 million will also be taken care of too.In doing research it seems that most common people or people that grew up in larger cities have been lead to what a small farm is.

Martinez Construction Company in Germany

MARTINEZ CONSTRUCTION COMPANY IN GERMANY 1. General presentation of the case study (Summary) Martinez reflection is a well- established construction society in Eastern Spain. Because of a recent decline in contracts in the Spain society, Martinez Construction confederacy needed to expand to outside(prenominal) foodstuff in order to survive (expand and grow). After a survey in the international market, the newly formed representative Germany seemed the perfect place. Further more, the best etymon was to acquire an existing firm with the help of Treuhandanstalt (privatization agency).This was a result of the lack of liquidity of the Martinez play along. Therefore, an alliance with another German company would not allow it to establish itself as a serious competitor on the international market. The intermediary for Martinez Construction was THA (Treuhandanstalt), a company created in the former German Democratic Republic, whose important purpose was to find private buyers for some 13 500 business and 15 000 parcels of real estate that had been beared by the former German Democratic Republic.Their primary job was to sell the companies and match existing companies with buyers. Thats why Martinez Construction used THAs work to find a new German company to acquire. From the time of his arrival in Germany, Juan felt that he was having a difficult time just getting acquainted with the Germans. . They didnt seem to book time to get to know Juan personally rush and urgency to masterful the sale was the focus of their approach. Thus, THA found Konstruktion Dreizehn, based in Leipzig.Juan Sanchez was sent to handle the negotiations patch of the acquisition in Germany. Juan was accompanied by Diegos nephew and projected manager of the new German acquisition, Miguel Martinez. His background includes a business degree from a university in the United States, as well as years of employment in the family business, although lacking in practical managerial experience . During the negotiations, there were noticed strong discrepancies surrounded by the business styles of the two representatives of the companies, the cultural barrier betwixt the two being noticeable.However, they managed to arrive at a common point by modifying the initial contract, after(prenominal) Juan insisted. The final contract stated that the original price would be reviewed in two years, and the contracted parties would recalculate it based on new and presumably more reliable data concerning the true value of the firm. The company had employed approximately 350 workers inside the German Democratic Republic (GDR). The THA had reduced the work push up to 100. Miguel and his team estimated that 50 employees would be sufficient.Miguel was frustrated by the unwillingness of some employees to actively participate in the formulation of ideas and implementation of new procedures and policies. Six months after Miguels lordly arrival, his optimism was fading fast. He had just rec eived the latest report concerning the companys financial position, and it was clear that the figures were far from what Martinez Construction had been led to believe. Cash give ear problems were beginning to arise, and this threatened the very existence of the company. . Identification of the problem(s), causes and negative effects 2. 1. Identification of the problem(s) The main problem of The Spanish Company consists of the fact that they were not watchful for the acquisition of a foreign company and further more for the negotiations with the German THA. Companies which operate only in one country are not beaten(prenominal) with all the economic, cultural and political differences between societies because they are not confronted with them on daily basis.In order to do successful business, it is of major importance to ac acquaintance this differences and to select it into consideration when doing business. A second problem will be that the manager of Martinez Construction Comp any choose the wrong people in order to complete the negotiations and after words to develop the new business in East Germany. 2. 2. Identification of the causes that led to the turn upance of this/these problem(s) The problems arise mainly because the CEO of the Spanish company made his decisions of expansion in Germany on a blue-eyed approach.The idea occur to him when meeting German tourists in Spain that were relax and happy without taking into visor that the East Germans were not allowed to travel so far and there are important differences between the mentality of westward and Eastern Germany. Another cause is represent by the Managers idea that he can develop a well-established business in the Eastern German because of cheap labor and peeled materials. His choice to expand on German marketplace was not based on rational facts or clear developed objectives.Despite the fact that the anxiety of Martinez Company conduct a series of research regarding the different market ent ry strategies into German markets which ended with the dissolver of acquiring a company from THA, a market selection can not rely only on training based on secondary sources. There are al rooms certain information that can only be found when visiting the potential marketplace (distributors, suppliers, the existing management and employees). 2. 3. Identification of the potential negative effects that will appear if the problem(s) is/are not going to be solvedNegative effects on the short-run * Lack of experience in managing a portfolio of business in another market than Spain as well as the lack of knowledge about the personality of German employees and the already existing procedures and policies * Different developed management information systems, governance structures, managerial skills and corporate processes * Lack of initiative coming from the employees because of fear and distrust of management due to the cultural differences between Spanish and German business practices. E xposure to unfamiliar business practices much(prenominal) as strict environmental and employee protection regulations that forced unexpected large investments in plant modifications. * otherwise costly projects that have not been foreseen during the negotiations process that would have required attention. * Cash play problems The negative effects in the long run * Cash flow problems that finally may threaten the existence of the German company or even of the whole companys * Closing the German enterprise would compressed losing the whole investment (money invested in research, development, implementation, the price itself paid to THA and other costs hat incurred over the time). * Inability to achieve the forecasted figures 3. Identification of alternative solutions for identified problems resolving power 1 Joint Venture with a company from Western Germany Joint posts are the most common rule of entering the market, especially in Europe, because it allows companies to rack u p competitive advantage through access to a partners resources, including markets, technologies, capital and people.International Joint Ventures are viewed as a practical vehicle for sharpen investment along with knowledge transfer, such as technology transfer, from multinational expertise to local companies, and such knowledge transfer can contribute to the exertion improvement of local companies. Advantages * Access to local know-how which will help the company to evolve faster * Sharing development costs and risks, along with technology and complementary color IP assets for the production and delivery of innovative goods and services * Cheaper than acquisition Reduce political friction and improve local/national acceptability of the company. Disadvantages * A reciprocal affect would not allow the company to establish itself as a serious competitor * Lack of control over technology * Many go ventures fail because of a conflict in tax interests between the partners. Solution 2 Licensing Another solution to the above identified problem would be a method whereby Martinez Constructions would agree to permit a company in another country to use the manufacturing, processing, trademark, know-how or some other skill provided by the company.This method may also be used to gain access to new markets that otherwise are inaccessible. Advantages * Good way to start in foreign operations and open the door to low risk manufacturing relationships * Provides additional profitability with little initial investment * Low costs to implement * It has an attractive return on investment * A license agreement allows the licensor to retain ownership of the IP and at the same time to receive royalty income from it, in addition to the income from its own exploitation of it in products and services that it sells. Enables a business to flip customers that it normally wouldnt be able to do on its own. Disadvantages * A licensee can start the licensors competitor. The licensee may cannibalize sales of the licensor, causing the latter to gain less from royalties than it loses from sales that go to its new competitor. * The licensee may suddenly ask for contribution, such as technical assistance, training of personnel, additional technical data etc. All this may prove too expensive for the licensor. * Limited participation * Requires extensive fact finding, planning, investigation and interpretation. 4.Selection of the optimal solution 4. 1. Identify and choose the optimal solution among those presented above We have decided that the optimal solution for Martinez Construction Company to enter the German market would be to form a spliff venture with a company from West Germany. 4. 2 Demonstration that the chosen solution is the optimum one. A joint venture is considered to be one of the easiest and safest methods a company could adopt in order to enter on a foreign market. In our case, we consider that the optimal solution would be for Martinez Construction C ompany to form a joint venture with a company rom the Western part of Germany because this part of the country was not under the communist regime, it is more developed and receptive to changes. In what concerns solution no 2, it suggests that licensing would be the best way for Martinez Construction to expand its business in Germany. Sometimes there are cases where licensing and joint venture methods are akin(predicate). They both allow companies to reach customers that it couldnt reach otherwise they save market research spending and present an attractive return on investment.By following licensing model, Martinez company can easily and quickly permeate the German market, using fewer financial resources. But if we take into account the other problems encountered in this case, namely cultural differences between German and Spanish, and lack of knowledge of international management, such a purchase would be a disadvantage. Nevertheless, the licensee can become the licensors competi tor and the license agreement doesnt always batten down the necessary know-how for the licensee who might need technical assistance provided by the licensor. . Implementation of the solution When trying to expand globally through a joint venture schema, Martinez Corporation must take into consideration three important elements choice of partner, establishment of a strategic fit and the design of the joint venture organization. As prior mentioned, Martinez Company should choose a partner from the Western Germany as they are more accustomed to the Western style of doing business than the former German Democratic Republic. Thus, the negotiation could be more transparent and easier for the firm.Furthermore, the most important thing that has to be taken into consideration is the field in which the firm with which the joint venture is going to be performing activates. This is because a classic joint venture is the merger of two companies which usually have complementary products or serv ices in order to cover a larger part of the market share. As a result, Martinez Corporation should apply the joint venture strategy by making a partnership with an architecture firm. By joining these two kinds of companies two business segments will be covered.This is a very good strategy because the future clients will have to sign only one contract and not waste time between two or more similar companies. Concerning the strategic fit and the joint venture organization, both the Spanish and the German companies will have to share the same vision in order to crop the newly formed company to be profitable. The companies have the major advantage that they can complete each other in the sense of the business environment. This pith that the German company will have the experience of working in the German business environment.Furthermore, it could find cheaper and more qualified personnel (as the labor force in Western Germany is more expensive than that in GDR). The joint venture shou ld be rounded by a full-time joint venture coordinator and other staff designated by the 2 companies, as may be necessary to carry out the mission of the joint venture. On the other hand, Martinez Corporation comes with the know- how of production and the unquestionable construction knowledge. This way, the structure of the new company shall follow that of the Martinez Company and similar technical prerequisites will be required for hiring of employees.The capital for the new joint venture shall be provided by the two companies in equal shares, as to ensure limited risk exposure and possibilities for further investments. This is also due to the fact that Martinez should select for an equity joint venture in order to be equal partners and share the same amount of risk. Concerning the organizational structures, this should be a mix between the two companies because, being two companies in two separate business areas, new departments shall arise. In addition, for the common departm ents they should choose the best people after a careful analysis of their skills.

“Death of a Salesman” Detailed Analysis Essay

ARTHUR MILLERArthur Asher Miller (October 17, 1915 February 10, 2005) was an American playwright and essayist. He was a prominent figure in American theatre, writing dramas that include plays such as All My Sons (1947), terminal of a Salesman (1949), The Crucible (1953) and A View from the BridgeMiller was often in the public eye, particularly during the late 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s, a period during which he testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee, received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the Prince of Asturias Award, and was marry to Marilyn Monroe.SUMMARYIt is important to bear that the story is told by dint of the mind and memory of Willy Loman and there is a constant venture and forth between 2 periods ,1928 and 1942.The premier period is one of the happiness and contentment when Willy Loman is young and dynamic and the children , trailer and Happy be running about in shorts the second is one of soberness and discontent -Willy is now old and ,vi rtu all toldy out of a job and the children are gr make up and gone their different ways. The play is thus structured in such a way to show the pleasures of the past ,the dreams and foretastes the characters had and how these aspirations had turned sour. Willy Loman had built his life in such a way that he had finally trap himself in an impossible situation.Willy Loman ,the protagonist in the play was a travelling salesman in the services of the wagnor company for 34 years. When his old boss died ,his intelligence Howard took e actuallyplace the administration of the company .Willys family consists of three other members ,his wife Linda, dawdler,the elder son and Happy, the younger son.Willy unexpectedly returned on the same day he had leave behind for New England territory on a business tour. Linda felt that her husband is thoroughlyexhausted both physically and mentally and he has almost reached the fault point. Willy, who is 63, has driven the car off the road twice or th ree times and when he reached home he was put in to be panic sick ,desolate and shattered.Willy liked his eldest son Biff,who was well fill outn as a football champion. Though he is 34 , it is unfortunate that he could non settle in life. Inspite of the accompaniment that three colleges offered him scholarship in recognition of his proficiency in football, he did not join any college . Happy, the women chaser also could not settle in life.For the nigh two days, immediately after his unexpected return, Willys mind was rather disturbed with thoughts of todays realities inter mingled with yesterdays fractional forgotten episodes. He felt that it was mis scoot on his part not to have followed his elder brother Ben ,who dared his way into the diamond minds of Africa and amassed fabulous wealth . Willys guilty consciousness pricked him at the flash back scene of Boston hotel room, when his son Biff makes a surprise visit and finds his sustain having an affair with a unlike lady .A fter this episode, Biff seemed to hold a grudge against his father and could never again bring himself to trust Willy. As suggested by Linda, Willy visits Howard, the young chieftain and request for a change of job in the New York City office as he is physically and mentally incapacitated as a travelling sales man. When the request was unceremoniously turned down by Howard and Willy dismissed from service he protest You cannot eat orange and throw the leach away man is not a piece of fruit. Willy is rattling much frustrated and disillusioned at the behavior of capitalists who lacked the human milk of kindness, unselfishness and gratitude.Biffs attempt to raise a loan from Bill Oliver, the proprietor of sports goods company also failed. Oliver, who once liked Biff immensely, now refused to have intercourse him now because Biff has stolen a fountain pen, Charley ,Willys neighbour extended a helping hand in those days of adversity. He ,not unless locomote a loan to him but also offered him a job to him. barely Willy refused to accept it with a false sense of dignity. The two sons invited the father for a dinner party at a prominent restaurant in the city. But Happy picked up two call girls and left the place along with Biff, sledding Willy alone.Willy felt humiliated and this experience was shocking and unbearable when Biff and Happy returned home, Linda ordered them out of the house by the next morning. She was planning to commit suicide on a particular night .Willy was left alone while all others went upstairs. He has insured his life for 20,000 dollars. Once he dies, the family will be entitled to receive the amount from the insurance company. So Willy got into his car and drove madly through darkness, all to kill himself. His funeral was attended only by Linda, the two sons, charley and his son Bernard. Linda could not stand the strain of separation from her beloved husband but still she stooped down and dropped flowers on the grave of Willy.DEATH OF A SALESMAN AS A TRAGEDYAccording to the traditional views based on Aristotelian cannons, the tragic hero was to be a person of high wander and status. So that his down fall could produce an inevitable emotional effect on the audience. In ancient Greek tragedies, quite a little or destiny is chiefly responsible for the downfall of human beings. But Shakespeare and Marlow attributed human misfortune mainly to the personal draw backs of the tragic heroes themselves and hardly to the hidden forces which we describe as fate or destiny.Miller generally departs from both these concepts of cataclysm as in the tragic hero in the Death of a sales man belongs to the heart and soul class. He does not hold the view that tragic effect can be produced only by the downfall of a highly placed case-by-case in society. It matters not at all whether hero falls from a great height or small one, whether he highly conscious or dimly aware of what is happening ,if the intensity is their America gr ows like a giant in unimaginable proportions .Willy symbolically stands for all the low men in American business community not just salesmen -who in a way sell themselves. Willy sells himself and in the process wears himself out and he is finally chuck out when he is no longer useful. Willy begins as a salesman 36 years ago, opens up unheard of territories to their trade mark, but in his old age they take his salary away. It is pity that once Willys energy is exhausted by the work thatsociety has assigned to him, he is thrown aside and dismissed by the son of his old boss. Willy protests, you cannot eat the orange and throw them peel . Man is not a piece of fruit no doubt ,Willy loman is a over-the-hill employee, but he is rejected and ill treated by his employer at the end of his career. Even a change of job with less travelling was denied to him.But still it may not be fully correct to say that Willy is wholly a victim of the prevailing social system. His own responsibility of h is tragedy is by no means insignificant or negligible. In the first place he failed to realize his own limitations and short comings Willy has the conviction that come throughment depends on personality, contacts and good cloths and that these will bring everything one wants in life. Obviously Willy is a prey to that magical book of Dale carnegies How to win friends and influence people we know that mistake is that Willy had chosen a wrong profession for himself under the impression that the selling profession is the best in the world.Secondly the sense of guilt which he carries with him due to his past infidelity to his wife has also serious repercussions in his mental stability .His affair with the woman in the hotel when he was visited by Biff hangs on his conscience. Biffs discovery of Willys infidelity marks the crucial turning point in the relationship between the father and the son .There after Biff no longer believes Willy .Another point to be noted is Willys incurable op timism .He has had higher expectation about the future of his elder son Biff who looks so charming as the Adonise in Greek mythology and who has earned high reputation as a good football champion. Biff has become disillusioned .For Biff ,life came to be an end with his match. He could neither make a mark in business nor could he go back to school to finish his course. Ironically Bernard who never stageed University of Virginia, Bernard who pleaded to carry Biffs helmet or shoulder guards , prospered. Bernard wins glory by pleading before the independent court ,but he does this without any pushing from his father. According to Willy, they ought to be success at all for both Charley and Bernard were not well liked. These tragic experiences shatter Willys conception of American dreams. No human or super natural agency interfered his life .The sense of frustration and psychological neurosis upsets hismental equalizer and shatters him to pieces.CHARACTER LISTWILLY LOMAN An insecure, s elf-deluded traveling salesman. Willy believes wholeheartedly in the American Dream of easy success and wealth, but he never achieves it. Nor do his sons fulfill his hope that they will succeed where he has failed. When Willys illusions begin to fail under the pressing realities of his life, his mental health begins to unravel. The overwhelming tensions caused by this disparity, as well as those caused by the societal imperatives that drive Willy, form the essential difference of opinion of Death of a Salesman.BIFF LOMAN Willys thirty-four-year-old elder son. Biff led a beguiled life in high school as a football star with scholarship prospects, good male friends, and fawning female admirers. He failed math, however, and did not have enough credits to graduate. Since then, his kleptomania has gotten him fired from every job that he has held. Biff represents Willys vulnerable, poetic, tragic side. He cannot ignore his instincts, which tell him to abandon Willys paralyzing dreams and move out West to work with his hands. He ultimately fails to reconcile his life with Willys expectations of him.LINDA LOMAN Willys loyal, loving wife. Linda suffers through Willys grandiose dreams and self-delusions. Occasionally, she seems to be taken in by Willys self-deluded hopes for future glory and success, but at other times, she seems far more realistic and less fragile than her husband. She has nurtured the family through all of Willys misguided attempts at success, and her emotional strength and perseverance support Willy until his collapse.HAPPY LOMAN Willys thirty-two-year-old younger son. Happy has lived in Biffs shadow all of his life, but he compensates by nurturing his relentless sex drive and professional ambition. Happy represents Willys sense of self-importance, ambition, and blind servitude to societal expectations. Although he works as an assistant to an assistant buyer in a departmentstore, Happy presents himself as supremely important. Additionally, he practi ces bad business ethics and sleeps with the girlfriends of his superiors.CHARLEY- Willys next door neighbor. Charley owns a successful business and his son, Bernard, is a wealthy, important lawyer. Willy is jealous of Charleys success. Charley gives Willy money to pay his bills, and Willy reveals at one point, choking back tears, that Charley is his only friend.BERNARD Bernard is Charleys son and an important, successful lawyer. Although Willy used to mock Bernard for studying hard, Bernard always loved Willys sons dearly and regarded Biff as a hero. Bernards success is difficult for Willy to accept because his own sons lives do not measure up.BEN Willys wealthy older brother. Ben has recently died and appears only in Willys daydreams. Willy regards Ben as a symbol of the success that he so urgently craves for himself and his sons.THE WOMAN Willys mistress when Happy and Biff were in high school. The Womans attending and admiration boost Willys fragile ego. When Biff catches Wi lly in his hotel room with The Woman, he loses trustingness in his father, and his dream of passing math and going to college dies.HOWARD WAGNER Willys boss. Howard inherited the company from his father, whom Willy regarded as a masterful man and a prince. Though much younger than Willy, Howard treats Willy with condescension and eventually fires him, despite Willys weakened assertions that he named Howard at his birth.STANLEY A waiter at inconsiderates Chop House. Stanley and Happy seem to be friends, or at least acquaintances, and they interchange about and ogle Miss Forsythe together before Biff and Willy arrive at the restaurant.MISS FORSYTHE AND LETTA Two young women whom Happy and Biff meet at Franks Chop House. It seems likely that Miss Forsythe and Letta are prostitutes, judging from Happys repeated comments about their moral character and thefact that they are on call.JENNY Charleys secretaryTHEMES, MOTIFS & SYMBOLSTHEMESThemes are the fundamental and often universa l ideas explored in a literary work.THE AMERICAN DREAMWilly believes wholeheartedly in what he considers the promise of the American Dream- that a well liked and personally attractive man in business will indubitably and deservedly exact the material comforts offered by modern American life. Oddly, his fixation with the superficial qualities of magnet and likeability is at odds with a more gritty, more rewarding judgement of the American Dream that identifies hard work without complaint as the key to success. Willys interpretation of likeability is superficial-he childishly dislikes Bernard because he considers Bernard a nerd. Willys blind faith in his stunted version of the American Dream leads to his rapid psychological decline when he is unable to accept the disparity between the Dream and his own life.ABANDONMENTWillys life charts a course from one abandonment to the next, leaving him in greater despair each time. Willys father leaves him and Ben when Willy is very young, lea ving Willy neither a tangible (money) nor an intangible (history) legacy. Ben eventually departs for Alaska, leaving Willy to lose himself in a warped vision of the American Dream. Likely a result of these early experiences, Willy develops a fear of abandonment, which makes him want his family to conform to the American Dream. His efforts to raise perfect sons, however, reflect his inability to understand reality. Theyoung Biff, whom Willy considers the embodiment of promise, drops Willy and Willys zealous ambitions for him when he finds out about Willys adultery. Biffs ongoing inability to succeed in business furthers his estrangement from Willy. When, at Franks Chop House, Willy finally believes that Biff is on the cups of greatness, Biff shatters Willys illusions and, along with Happy, abandons the deluded, babbling Willy in the washroom.BETRAYALWillys primary obsession end-to-end the play is what he considers to be Biffs betrayal of his ambitions for him. Willy believes that he has every right to expect Biff to fulfill the promise inherent in him. When Biff walks out on Willys ambitions for him, Willy takes this rejection as a personal affront (he associates it with insult and spite). Willy, after all, is a salesman, and Biffs ego-crushing spurn ultimately reflects Willys inability to sell him on the American Dream-the product in which Willy himself believes most faithfully. Willy assumes that Biffs betrayal stems from Biffs discovery of Willys affair with The Woman-a betrayal of Lindas love. Whereas Willy feels that Biff has betrayed him, Biff feels that Willy, a phony little fake, has betrayed him with his unending stream of ego-stroking lies.MOTIFSMotifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the texts major themes.MYTHIC FIGURESWillys tendency to mythologize people contributes to his deluded understanding of the world. He speaks of Dave Singleman as a legend and imagines that his death must have b een beautifully noble. Willy compares Biff and Happy to the mythic Greek figures Adonis and Hercules because he believes that his sons are pinnacles of personal attractiveness and power through well liked-ness to him, they seem the very incarnation of theAmerican Dream.Willys mythologizing proves quite nearsighted, however. Willy fails to realize the hopelessness of Singlemans lonely, on-the-job, on-the-road death. Trying to achieve what he considers to be Singlemans heroic status, Willy commits himself to a pathetic death and meaningless legacy (even if Willys life insurance policy ends up give off, Biff wants nothing to do with Willys ambition for him).THE AMERICAN WEST, ALASKA, AND THE AFRICAN JUNGLEThese regions represent the potential of instinct to Biff and Willy. Willys father found success in Alaska and his brother, Ben, became rich in Africa these exotic locales, especially when compared to Willys banal Brooklyn neighborhood, crystallize how Willys obsession with the comme rcial world of the city has pin down him in an unpleasant reality. Whereas Alaska and the African hobo camp symbolize Willys failure, the American West, on the other hand, symbolizes Biffs potential. Biff realizes that he has been content only when working on farms, out in the open. His westward escape from both Willys delusions and the commercial world of the eastern United States suggests a nineteenth-century pioneer mentality-Biff, contrasted Willy, recognizes the importance of the individual.SYMBOLSSymbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.SEEDSSeeds represent for Willy the opportunity to prove the worth of his labor, both as a salesman and a father. His desperate, nocturnal attempt to grow vegetables signifies his shame about barely being able to put food on the table and having nothing to leave his children when he passes. Willy feels that he has worked hard but fears that he will not be able to help hisoffspring any mor e than his own abandoning father helped him. The seeds also symbolize Willys sense of failure with Biff. Despite the American Dreams formula for success, which Willy considers infallible, Willys efforts to cultivate and nurture Biff went awry. Realizing that his all-American football star has turned into a lazy bum, Willy takes Biffs failure and lack of ambition as a reflection of his abilities as a father.DIAMONDSTo Willy, diamonds represent tangible wealth and, hence, both validation of ones labor (and life) and the ability to pass material goods on to ones offspring, two things that Willy desperately craves. Correlatively, diamonds, the discovery of which made Ben a fortune, symbolize Willys failure as a salesman. Despite Willys printing in the American Dream, a belief unwavering to the extent that he passed up the opportunity to go with Ben to Alaska, the Dreams promise of financial security has eluded Willy. At the end of the play, Ben encourages Willy to enter the jungle fina lly and retrieve this elusive diamond-that is, to kill himself for insurance money in order to make his life meaningful.LINDAS AND THE WOMANS STOCKINGSWillys strange obsession with the condition of Lindas stockings foreshadows his later flashback to Biffs discovery of him and The Woman in their Boston hotel room. The teenage Biff accuses Willy of giving away Lindas stockings to The Woman. Stockings assume a metaphorical weight as the symbol of betrayal and sexual infidelity. New stockings are important for both Willys pride in being financially successful and thus able to provide for his family and for Willys ability to ease his guilt about, and suppress the memory of, his betrayal of Linda and Biff.THE RUBBER irrigateThe rubber hose is a stage prop that reminds the audience of Willys desperate attempts at suicide. He has apparently attempted to kill himselfby inhaling boast, which is, ironically, the very substance essential to one of the most basic elements with which he must eq uip his home for his familys health and comfort-heat. Literal death by inhaling gas parallels the metaphorical death that Willy feels in his struggle to afford such a basic necessity.QUESTIONSThe play Death of a Salesman revolves mainly around a conflictbetween ?What are the reasons for Willys failure as a business man?American dream in the play Death of a salesman.What is the primaeval theme of the play Death of a salesman.The father son conflict in the play Death of a salesman.The hotel scene in the play Death of a salesman.The role of mother Linda Loman in the play Death of a salesman.Why did Biff Loman leave the school?The significance of the titleDeath of a salesman.Why did Willy commit suicide?The flash back scene in the play Death of a salesman.Millers play as a critique of the American way of life.

Jose Rizal Life and Education Essay

Family and Early life He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9 girls). His parents went to school and were well known. His father, Francisco Rizal Mercado, worked hard as a farmer in Binan, Laguna. Rizal looked up to him. His mother, Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos, was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz, Manila. She read a lot and knew about art and many other things. Rizal say she was loving and very smart. He learned the alphabet from his mother at the age of three.At age five, while learning to read and write, he in addition showed that he could draw and paint. He surprised his family and relatives with his pencil drawings and sketches and with his moldings of clay. - Education In 1877, at the age of 16, he finished school (Bachelor of Arts) from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. In the similar year, he went to another school to study Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas. At the same time, he took classes to become a surveyor and assessor at the Ateneo.In 1878, he went to the University of Santo Tomas to become a doctor. He stopped in hisstudies when he felt that the Filipino students were not being treated right by the priests who were to a fault their teachers. On May 3, 1882, he went by boat to Spain. In Spain, he continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid. On June 21, 1884, at the age of 23, he got his story and became a doctor. On June 19,1885, at the age of 24, he got another degree in Philosophy and Letters. Having traveled throughout Europe, America and Asia, he spoke 22 languages.These include * Arabic * Catalan * Chinese * English * French * German * Greek * Hebrew * Italian * Japanese * Latin * Malayan * Portuguese * Russian * Sanskrit * Spanish language * Tagalog A very smart man, he was good at many other jobs besides being a doctor * architect * artist * businessman * cartoonist * educator * economist * ethnologist * scientific farmer * historian * inventor * journalist * linguist * music ian * mythologist * nationalist * naturalist * novelist * ophthalmic operating surgeon * poet * propagandist * psychologist * scientist * sculptor * sociologist * theologian -Political Life He hoped to make political changes in his country and to make the Filipinos go to school. Rizal wrote many poems and books that show his beloved for his country. In March 1887, his book, Noli Me Tangere was published. It shows the expectant habits of the Spanish priests. El Filibusterismo, his second novel was published on September 18, 1891. It is sadder than his first book. Rizal was not liked by those in power. He showed the bad things done by the priests and the people in the government and this led him and his relatives into trouble.Because of this, he and those who he knew were being watched by the government. They were making up bad things against him. He was put to jail in spike Santiago from July 6, 1892 to July 15, 1892. They said that papers with words he wrote against priests were found in the luggage of his sister Lucia who go into with him from Hong Kong. He was made to stay in Dapitan and there he did farming, fishing andbusiness. He also operated and worked in a hospital. He taught the English and Spanish languages and the arts. - later Life and Death.When the Philippine Revolution (the war of Filipinos against the Spaniards) started on August 26, 1896, his enemies went after him fast. They were able to get people to say bad things against him and linked him with the war. He was never allowed to talk to these people. Because the Spanish authorities thought he was responsible for the activities of the revolutionaries, he was exiled to the city of Dapitan in Zamboanga, in Mindanao (Southern Philippines). From November 3, 1896, to the date of his death, he was again held at Fort Santiago. In prison, he wrote a poem with no title.It is now called Ultimo Adios and became a famous poem in the Philippines. It expresses the heros nifty love of country as well as that of all Filipinos. After a trial by the military authorities, he was convicted of rebellion (going against the government), sedition (making trouble) and of forming felonious association (meeting not allowed by the government). He was executed (punished by killing) by guns fired by soldiers on December 30, 1896 at Bagumbayan Field. He was 35 eld old at the time of his death. His death place is now a national park (now known as Luneta), and a monument has been constructed in his honor.

Conference and Banqueting Management Essay

IntroductionThis report presents a research into the feasting and assemblage sector of the hospitality industry, focusing on size of it and place setting of banqueting in UK and the importance that has grown in the past years because of world-wide collection and meeting development as well as and the financial evolution that has brought the atom to the national economy Conference and banqueting is normally about putting together an event and it usually meet as a scope polar forms of get-together like a ceremony, or a celebration, small gatherings, seminars, family events, birthday party or weddings. The event industry is a truly global industry with events universe held each day around the world in different exhibition centre that host numerous events attracting local and international delegates. www.studymode.com//size-and-scope-conference-and-banqueting.co.uk TASK A 1.1 What is the size and scope in Conference and Banqueting in UK Banqueting is almostly related to hotels o r either other different halls that bathroom provide the put for any type of event even if this kindly of service is now being hired by various food service companies, like restaurants, payable to its profitability.The traditional meaning of the banqueting business is providing food and beverages to a group of people who will eat together at the same time. The scope of banqueting is to accomplish and deliver good service focusing most on celebration, bringing together a group of people for a sealed event and to emphasis on food and beverage which can last for several hour. 1 The scope of this events is to provide different types of benefits for destinations where we can include tourism, use opportunities and financial growth. The market is estimated to be worth 18.8 billion to the UK economy, including spend at different occasions and in the wider destination by representatives and organisers.There were an estimated 94 million attendances at events in 2009 (an estimated 1.32 million events with an average attendance of 71 people) There was an average of 379 per venue in 2009, down slightly on 2008 (an average of 391 events per venue). Hotels and conference/training centres typically hosted more events than other types of venue, with hotels accounting for 61% of all business events. Banquet food and beverages in some large convention hotels, can account for as much as 70% or more of the combined total food and beverage percentage from all other go in the hotel, such as restaurant, room service and bars. According to Cousin , Foskett , Gillespie , (2002)In the UK are approximately 6,650 conference and banqueting venues that works with all the major hotel brands such as Hilton, Marriott or Best Western and there are estimated around 9.001,053 meeting rooms across the UK. A Conference can be described as a meeting for consultation, exchange of information and discussion. Some conferences have only a few delegates while others have several hundred. They may be held on behalf of a political party, to create a new image, launch a new product, communicate to employees or make some kind of public announcement.Venues vary and may include a hotel, dedicated conference venue, college or university campus. 2 In our days, conferences are thought to be one of the most important and essential aspects inglobalization as it bridge the openings of numerous industries from one nation to a different one and it is facilitating various economies of various nations to be accepted all over the world. www.bibliotecaregielive.co.ukOther types of conferenceAcademic conferences.Professional association conferences.Training conference(http//www.capital.uk/details-article/news/in-event-industry) Just a few proceeding walk from either Old Street or Barbican tube station, LSO St Lukes combines the accessibility of a City position with the good-element of a exclusive, lovely muddle that is excellent for both banqueting and conference. Inside the central Jerwo od Hall, the 18th-century original architecture appear together with contemporary structures to generate a spectacular location, with normal beady flooding that could held up to 250 to 300 seats that could be moved on a side leaving the entire floor free for dancing or entertaining.www.hospitalityinfo.com1.2How will Pestle affect Banqueting and ConferencePESTEL stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors which may affect the business.3 POLITICALPolitical issues have a put impact on conference and banqueting and its very important to maintain healthy political links with leading party leaders for good will of business. Some of the government mandates have a strong impact on hospitality industry that include, political stability or instability, tax policy, environmental law, business restrictions. According to Cousin , Foskett , Gillespie , (2002)ECONOMICALEconomic aspects have a substantial control about how an organisation does business as well as how commercialised they are. Major aspects consist of economic increasing, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation, disposable income of consumers and businesses.SOCIALHospitality industry is one of the biggest employer institute in United Kingdom, around 20% of the workers in Britain are bringd in hotel and catering employment. It is contain the public freedom of movement, earnings allocation, and providing skills acquired. These characteristics consist in residents growing, age dissemination, health consciousness, and career attitudes. technologyThe technology plays a vital role in business. Over the year the establishment is depends on the technology, the hospitality technology continues to provide a best and bed software solution to the hospitality sector.According to Cousin, Foskett , Gillespie , (2002)ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORSThe rising aspiration to care for the environment is to have a major control on numerous institute like hospitality or tourism and the gene ral change regarding more ecologically, pleasant products and developments is affecting demand patterns and generating business opportunities. Legal FactorsLegal factors involve health and safety instruction, different prospects, customer civil rights and rules, product labelling and product safety. It is normal that all companies want to know what is and what is not legal if they want to have success in business. In current years in the UK there have been many important legal changes that have affected companys behaviour. According to Cousin , Foskett , Gillespie , (2002)CONCLUSIONAs a personal conclusion I consider that to have success in this sector or any other from hospitality industry we need to always be one step ahead trying to know in advance what the clients want and need, nonrecreational a special attention to details and have great opportunity to make every event memorable . I consider that the progress of the conference and banqueting industry is a beneficial and supp ortive thing for the people by generating employment that leads to attracting visitors and also making revenue. It featured the UKs change only when London in one of the most significant for events all over the world. 5Bibliography(Cousin J., Foskett D., Gillespie C., (2002), Food and Beverage Management, second edition) www.studymode.com//size-and-scope-conference-and-banqueting.co.uk http//www.capital.uk/details-article/news/in-event-industry http//dommcg.hubpages.com/hub/whatis-pestel-analysiswww.bournemouth.co.uk/London/conference.ukwww.hospitalityinfo.com