Marketing plan Essay

Kraft Food (Nabisco) has been working since the year 1898. For about 109 years, they have increase through natural growth, mergers and obtainments. This positive fact permits Nabisco to be the chief of the snack maker. Being the main snack maker has permit Nabisco to introduce a diverse selection of foods. However, Nabisco has been indisposed to adjust to the current market trends. The company had an idea to concentrate on creating and producing new versions of the existing products to make them more convenient for the consumers. However, Nabisco was overpassing that other companies were doing the same thing; they were creating similar products that were cheaper and healthier for consumers. Lately, Nabisco understood and found out about this trend so they began creating healthier foods such as low carb foods, 100-calorie snack packs and low fat foods. By creating and producing these new products, Nabisco has a greater opportunity to be the consumers option one and be the number one company for those people who wants to start a healthy life style. The new Fat Free Chips Ahoy that Kraft (Nabisco) will be presenting to the society next year will be setting Nabisco as a company that is ready to support those that have decide to have a healthy eating life style. Nabisco is expecting that the new Fat Free Chips Ahoy turn into the number one fat free snacks on the market. Nabisco also expects to increase and expand to other fat free products like Chips Ahoy ice cream, Chips Ahoy piecrust and snack size packages of Fat Free Chips Ahoy for vending machines. 2. Company description In 1903, James L. Kraft from Ontario, Canada, created a cheese-delivery business in Chicago. This business was named â€Å"Kraft†, it was producing cheese as well as distributing it, and with the past of the years the company expands in a big way. Karft-Phenix became a subsidiary of the National Dairy Product Corp in 1930 and in 1923 it was founded by Thomas H. Mclnnerney. Initially the firm was planned to execute in the fragmented United States ice cream industry but later it change idea and expanded into a full range of dairy products. This business expanded its brand internationally in more than 155 countries. It is consider the largest food company in the United States and in the number two position worldwide, behind Nestlà © S.A. The firm has two primary operating units–Kraft Foods North America and Kraft Foods International and its brands are divided into five main sectors: snacks, beverages, cheese, grocery and convenient meals. Seven through eleven of Kraft’s brands bring in more than $1 billion in revenues each year. â€Å"The company is headquartered in Northbrook, Illinois, a Chicago suburb. Its European headquarters is in Glattpark, Opfikon, Switzerland. Kraft is an independent public company, it is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and became a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on September 22, 2008, replacing the American International Group† (www.wikipedia.com). Kraft Food Inc., was concentrating in producing new versions of the existing products to make them more accessible to the consumers. However, they were overpassing the fact that others companies were creating similar products that were healthier and cheaper. Lately, Kraft realized this problem and began creating healthier foods such as low carb foods, 100- calories snack packs (fat free Chips Ahoy) and low-fat foods. The new Fat Free Chips Ahoy that Nabisco, a sister brand of Kraft Food Inc., will be introducing next year will concrete Kraft as a company that is well disposed to support those that have embrace that healthy eating life style. Nabisco (Kraft) is hopping that the new Fat Free Chips Ahoy will be the best and leading fat free snack on the market. 3. Strategic Focus and Plan Kraft food Inc., do business according to seven important strategies: 1) build superior customer brand value, 2) build supper demand through superior customer collaboration, 3) transform the portfolio, 4) expand global scale, 5) drive out cost and assets, 6) strengthen employee and organizational excellence; 7) and act responsibility (www.kraftfoodscompany.com). 1. Build superior brand value: consist in improving the Company’s products, using more value-added packaging, and develop innovative new products and managing price gaps effectively. 2. Build shopper demand through superior customer collaboration: recognizes the importance of the Company’s retail partners in fulfilling its vision. The Company and the customer works together in order to better understand the customer behavior in their stores, to develop in-store programs that can increase the shopper demand and decrease costs through more efficient store delivery systems. 3. Transform the portfolio: The Company is expanding the shift in its portfolio toward business through investment, innovation, acquisition and divestiture (whether global, regional or local) to offer the Company a sustainable competitive advantage, and will better enable its management to focus on opportunities that meet consumer needs and create long-term value of the Company. 4. Expand the Company’s global scale: they focused on increasing its growth prospects in key developing markets that offer the greatest growth potential. In addition, the Company is expanding its marketing and infrastructure investments in large, growing markets, such as Brazil, Mexico, China and Russia. 5. Drive out costs and assets: Contains the Company’s announced three- year restructuring program, with the objectives of realigning and decreasing its cost structure and optimizing capacity utilization. 6. Strengthen employee and organizational excellence: reflects the need to develop organizational capabilities and support employees in meeting the Company’s business challenges, wherever they work. 7. Act responsibly: As the Company struggle for sustainable growth, its seeks business success in ways that honor legal and legal standards and that it also respect people, communities and the natural environment. This strategy involves a commitment to a strong obedience and integrity programs and sound corporate governance, as well as a number of health and wellness initiatives, such as enrich nutrition labeling. Mission: The mission of Kraft Food is to assist people around the world to eat and live better (GLP). They have the idea to meet the consumers’ in order to found out their needs, so they can make the food healthier, easier and more enjoyable part of life. They want their consumers to consider them as their first snack food choice. They carefully let the consumers to know how they keep in their mind their wants and needs in order to create the products that will fix to their health conscious lifestyles. Vision: Their vision is to inform the world, customers, employees, consumers and communities where they sell and make their products. They stated the importance of health and wellness, but they also incorporate all the ways people can eat and live better, such as the comfort of a microwave meal, the enjoyment of a snack and the safety and value of their products. Goals: To introduce the Fat Free Chips Ahoy in January of 2012. To win new customers who are trying to take care of their weight by decreasing their fat intake. To make Chips Ahoy one of the leading fat free snacks on the market

Tobacco Advertising Is Illegal but Alcohol Is Not

COMM 3P14 – Media Industries Tobacco Advertising is Illegal, but Advertising for Alcohol is not, Is This Hypocritical? Rebecca Stewart 4574927 Russell Johnston Seminar 3 November 11, 2012 Advertisements are a vital part of any company’s marketing strategy, and are used to inform or persuade an audience about a certain product or service. In fact, North American companies are among the world’s highest advertisers (Boone et al. , 2010, 502). Today, an average consumer is exposed to hundreds of advertisements every day.It is when these companies attempt to promote a dangerous product that restrictions must be, and have been put in place. For several years, Canada’s regulations on tobacco advertisements have become stricter, while alcohol advertisements are still permitted across multiple mediums. This leads one to question the difference between the two substances, and if this notion is in fact hypocritical. The stakeholders identified in this paper are the v iewers and listeners of the advertisements, specifically the youth audience.The principles involved with alcohol promotion are examined with a lens that incorporates the views of Horkheimer and Adorno’s perspective on advertising. Along with a brief history of tobacco advertising regulations, this paper will discuss the ethical issues involved in alcohol advertising, and evidence to support that alcoholic products are no less of a danger than tobacco, and should have the same advertising restrictions. There is also evidence to suggest that the majority of Canadians are in favour of tighter restrictions on alcohol advertising.The current hypocritical state of allowing alcohol to be advertised, but removing all tobacco related marketing is further discussed in detail. Literature Review Not only is advertising illegal for tobacco companies, retailers are now obligated to remove these products from sight. Cigarette companies are also no longer permitted to label their product as light or mild on the package (Pollay, 2004, 80). The first Canadian legislation successfully passed in favour of advertising regulations was the Tobacco Act of 1997 (Pollay, 2004, 80).Health Canada created provisions in this act such as, tobacco products must not be promoted, and all manufacturers must share information about the product’s emissions and health hazards arising from use of the product on the packaging (Health Canada, 2011). The intent of this act was to protect young people and others from being encouraged to try tobacco related products without being informed of the dangers to their health (Polley, 2004, 81). The belief was that tobacco ads were aimed at new smokers, and that companies were trying to attract young people towards their brand.This idea is plausible because in order to maintain a strong business over a long period of time, new users must be targeted. Further, there is evidence supporting the fact that current smokers are not likely to be converte d to another brand, making youth targeted advertisements more likely (Polley, 2004, 83). There was pressure to strengthen the advertising restrictions after countless health risks and deaths were attributed to smoking. â€Å"Smoking has been estimated to result in roughly 45,000 deaths annually and is a major cause of respiratory disease, cancer and circulatory disease† (Sen, 2009, 189).A study conducted by the American Journal of Public Health looked at 481 randomly selected tobacco retailers after the product display ban to understand the changes that resulted in tobacco promotion (Cohen et al. , 2011, 1879). Their study revealed that this ban successfully limited the exposure of tobacco products, and demonstrated the importance of a complete ban on retail tobacco displays (Cohen et al. , 2011, 1880). Clearly, limiting advertising exposure to hazardous products such as cigarettes truly limits consumer exposure, and thus promotes the idea of a healthy public.Since these ad r egulations have proved to be a success, it would likely have a very similar effect when applied to alcohol. Ethics is an essential consideration in the world of advertising. Marketers should make responsible decisions, and not just focus on generating profits, because it is legal. â€Å"Ads should address audiences not just as consumers who care about material interests but as citizens who care about social virtues and the public good† (Hove, 2009, 35). The idea of advertising alcoholic beverages is unethical.While there are mild restrictions in Canada regarding alcohol promotions, there is a demand for more. Some provinces run ads that promote responsible drinking, or the dangers of drinking and driving in an attempt to shed light on alcohol abuse (Boone, 2010, 525). However, these attempts do not cancel out the multitude of beer and liquor advertisements in today’s media. Some alcohol advertisements include the ideology that drinking a certain brand of beer will infl uence their social class, or improve their quality of life in some way. This is extremely controversial.An article from the South African Journal of Psychology notes, â€Å"there are no laws against [alcohol] advertisements; however, responsible corporate and professional action, would prevent the use of these advertisements from a social and moral standpoint† (Dubihela & Dubihela, 2011, 209). Clearly, an ethical dilemma is present. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission is one organization that has viewed alcohol advertisements critically. Since 1968 they have required broadcasters to report the number of alcohol related messages broadcasted annually (CRTC, 2011).The messages also must adhere to their Code for Broadcast of Alcoholic Beverages (CRTC, 2011). This code includes provisions to ensure promotions for alcoholic beverages do not encourage non-drinkers or young people to drink or purchase alcohol, imply a certain brand is superior because of a higher alcohol percentage, and that consumption of alcohol enhances enjoyment of an activity (CRTC 2011). These regulations are far more lenient compared to the restrictions on tobacco advertising.Advertising Standards Canada has now gained responsibility to review advertisements concerning alcohol to ensure they are in accordance with the CRTC’s code (Darling, 1996). Moreover, alcohol is just as dangerous to society as tobacco. Statistics Canada shows that alcohol use by drivers was a factor in nearly 30% of motor vehicle related deaths from 2003-2005 (Statistics Canada, 2011). Also, deaths from other alcohol related disorders such as cirrhosis of the liver accounted for over 1400 deaths in 2003 (Statistics Canada, 2009).The most relevant stakeholders in this issue, young people, are severely affected by alcohol use in Canada. In 2011, 13. 2% of Canadian youth ages 12 to 19 fell under the heavy drinker category, that is, consuming 5 or more drinks on one occasion at least o nce a month (Statistics Canada, 2011). Similarly, â€Å"the rate of persons accused of impaired driving offences was highest among young adults between the ages of 19 and 24† (Statistics Canada, 2011). Additionally, 28. 8% of Canadian students admitted to being driven by someone who was legally impaired (Statistics Canada, 2011).Many Canadians support the public opinion that seeks to enforce stricter regulations when it comes to alcohol products. A study from the Drug and Alcohol Review Journal reports that 50. 1% of Canadians agree with prohibiting alcohol advertising (Macdonald et al. , 2011, 653). Similarly, 47. 4% thought the current legal drinking age of nineteen should be increased, and 40. 1% believed taxes on alcoholic beverages should be raised (Macdonald et al. , 2011, 653). These kinds of changes would make alcohol less available or attractive to young adults.The CRTC’s report that outlines the framework for their advertising regulations states, â€Å"parti es argued that excessive alcohol consumption is as dangerous as smoking and, therefore, should be treated in the same way: the consumer should be warned of the dangers associated with abusive consumption† (Darling, 1996). Clearly, encouraging the sale of any product that can cause this kind of harm is morally irresponsible. Evidently, many Canadians believe alcohol is a dangerous substance that should not be easily accessible to young people. Establish an Interpretive ContextThis research is used to establish whether or not a bias exists. The death and disease rate caused by both alcohol and tobacco is examined to prove that hypocrisy is present. Harmful effects caused by the use of alcohol and tobacco is compared to uncover why this imbalance of advertising restriction is unjust. This is not to say that tobacco products should be reintroduced, but that both substances should be eliminated from media advertising altogether. Furthermore, the views of actual Canadians are consid ered because this fosters a public sphere and forms a widespread opinion on the issue.Also taken into account is the amount of time spent with media by Canadians and specifically young people. Statistics that outline hours spent watching television and surfing the web will be considered. The best outcome for this situation is to restrict alcohol advertisements based on the same grounds outlined in the Tobacco Act. Discussion After reviewing the available data, it is clear an unjust bias exists. The position of this discussion remains that alcohol should be eliminated from advertising for the same reasons tobacco is.Tobacco has been restricted from advertising based on major health concerns, and in an attempt to deter youth from smoking. These same properties are present, and even heightened, with alcohol. â€Å"Some parties, including government representatives, stated that anyone involved with the sale of alcoholic beverages should have the opportunity to advertise their productsà ¢â‚¬  (Darling, 1996). Since evidence categorizes both alcohol and tobacco as dangerous substances, both should be treated the same way with regards to advertising.Alcohol has proven to be even more dangerous than tobacco in some cases. The immediate effects are particularly alarming. Consumption of alcohol can alter one’s state of mind, causing negative health effects, accidents and addiction in some cases. The Canadian Public Health Association reports, â€Å"drinking too much alcohol in a short period of time can lead to poor judgment, impulsive behaviour and alcohol poisoning† (CPHA, 2008). Alcohol poisoning can contribute to long-term health problems and even death. Also of concern are the permanent consequences of long term drinking.Serious conditions such as, brain damage, certain cancers, cirrhosis of the liver, and sexual problems are attributed to alcohol abuse (CPHA, 2008). In addition to life threatening illnesses, withdrawal symptoms can also occur when h eavy drinkers suddenly stop consuming alcohol. These symptoms include but are not limited to insomnia, sweating, tremors, and convulsions (CPHA, 2008). Clearly the additive properties of alcohol are similar to tobacco, and should therefore be handled the same way in advertisement laws. Problems with mental health can also be found with alcohol abuse.According to the Canadian Community Health Survey, â€Å"fifteen percent of people who were alcohol-dependent have experienced major depressive episodes† (Tjekpema, 2004). Also, women who consume alcohol while pregnant are of grave concern. Regular alcohol intake during pregnancy can lead to miscarriages, low birth weight, and genital malformations in boys (Damgaard et al. , 2007, 272). â€Å"Children born to women who consume alcohol during pregnancy may exhibit a range of abnormalities and developmental deficits that together are termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders† (Kobor & Weinberg, 2011, 29).These preventable defec ts are another reason why alcohol should be considered as dangerous as tobacco. Overall, the negative statistics for alcohol are no less alarming than they are for tobacco. In 2011, 10. 1% of 15 to 17 year olds considered themselves smokers (Statistics Canada 2011). This is substantially lower than the 13. 2% of Canadian youth who fall under the category of heavy drinkers, not to mention the 30% of motor vehicle accidents that are alcohol related. These contrasting statistics speak for themselves, and prove the hypocritical nature of only banning tobacco advertising.Alcohol brands use effective marketing strategies that specifically reach a youth audience, the main stakeholder in this issue. Since the ‘young market’ is attractive to advertisers, their ads frequently catch the eye of people aged 15 to 34 (Novak, 2004). Celebrity endorsements are one way marketers attempt to sell their product to young people. Dan Aykroyd, Zak Galifianakis, and Will Ferrell are just a few celebrities who have endorsed popular alcohol brands (Novak, 2004).These people are relevant to Canadian youth, and they may be inclined to purchase the same brand of alcohol as one of their favourite celebrities. Moreover, 20. 1% of males and females ages 18 to 22 claimed to watch 15 or more hours of television per week (Statistics Canada, 2007). This is a large portion of young people who are subject to the dozens of alcohol advertisements broadcast each day. Alcohol advertisements are not limited to radio and television broadcasting. Many brands are turning to the Internet and social media to promote their products. This is problematic.According to a 2009 survey by Statistics Canada, 82. 9% of Canadians ages 34 and younger claimed to use the Internet at lease once a day, and 86% of these users went online for social media purposes (Statistics Canada, 2009). The government should implement restrictions on encouraging the sale of alcohol to a youth audience. They act as a legitima te spokesperson because they look out for citizen’s best interests. The reasoning behind banning tobacco advertising stemmed from the health hazards and dangers associated with smoking, and the same should be true for alcohol.Some parties argue that there is no scientific evidence linking advertising to overconsumption or underage drinking. If this is true, then the same can be said for tobacco products. However, polls taken in 2011 show that tobacco use fell rapidly amongst teenagers 15 to 19 years of age, shortly after the ban was placed (Goldfarb, 2011, 209). If these restrictions were applied to alcohol products, similar results could be expected. This issue fits into the realm of communication theory. As Horkheimer and Adorno proclaim, the direction of society, â€Å"is incarnate in the subjective purposes of company directors.Production is geared primarily towards profit, not towards the satisfaction of human need or use value† (Johnston, lecture, 2012). Advertis ing executives constantly make decisions based purely on profit instead of taking culture into consideration. Their ads are intended to increase sales and attract new customers of any age. This is problematic on a youth audience. These theorists proclaim that the audience has no choice in the matter (Johnston, lecture, 2012). â€Å"If all culture is enmeshed in the capitalist marketplace then all cultural products espouse the ruling ideology† (Johnston, lecture, 2012).This ideology is business. The government needs to intervene in this cycle so that ethics and moral responsibility are taken into consideration, just as they were with the tobacco advertisement ban. Conclusion If tobacco advertising was banned because it was considered wrong to encourage a habit that causes such detrimental effects, should not the same be true for alcohol? This bias is hypocritical because the government deemed it necessary to intervene when it came to tobacco advertising, and alcohol should not be overlooked.Smoking and alcohol consumption take away people’s lives at the height of their productivity (Jiloha, 2012, 65). By keeping these activities out of the media, youth can be deterred from engaging in them. In fact, advertising has profound consequences. Its persuasiveness and lack of information give audiences a false sense of what the product at hand really is (Hove, 2009, 36). Advertising experts should focus their attention on directing youth audiences against dangerous habits such as smoking and drinking, instead of encouraging them through advertising.While there is no scientific link connecting advertising to over consumption of alcohol, the decrease in young smokers as previously mentioned after the tobacco retail display ban gives reason to assume the same could be true for alcohol. If tighter restrictions are put in place to limit promotion of these products, it could help discourage Canadians from underage drinking, or over consumption. The current stat e of applying restrictions only to the tobacco industry is hypocritical when compared to the equally dangerous properties of alcohol. Works Cited Boone, Kurtz, Mackenzie & Snow (2010).Advertising and Public Relations. Contemporary Marketing, Second Canadian Edition. Toronto: Nelson Education. 500-532. Canada’s Public Health Association. How does alcohol affect health? Canada’s Public Health Leader. November 1, 2012 URL: http://www. cpha. ca/en/portals/substance/health/faq01. aspx Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunication Commission. (August 1, 1996). Code for Broadcast Advertising of Alcoholic Beverages. November 2, 2012, URL: http://www. crtc. gc. ca/eng/general/codes/alcohol. htm Damgaard, I. N. , Jensen, T. K. , Petersen, J. H. , Skakkeb? k, N. E. , Toppari, J. Main, K. M. , & The Nordic Cryptorchidism Study, G. (2007). Cryptorchidism and Maternal Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(2), 272-277. Dubihlela, J. , & Dubihl ela, D. (2011). Youth attitudes towards advertisements depicting nudity and alcohol: ethical dilemmas in advertising. South African Journal Of Psychology, 41(2), 207-217. Goldfarb, A. , & Tucker, C. (2011). Advertising bans and the substitutability of online and offline advertising. Journal Of Marketing Research, 48(2), 207-227. doi:10. 1509/jmkr. 48. 2. 207 Health Canada. (2011).Tobacco Act. Health Canada. November 1, 2012, URL: http://www. hc-sc. gc. ca/hc-ps/tobac-tabac/legislation/federal/tobac-tabac-eng. php Hove, T. (2009). ADVERTISING, ETHICS, AND THE CITIZEN-CONSUMER. American Academy Of Advertising Conference Proceedings, 35-36. Jiloha, R. C. (2012). Tobacco smoking: How far do the legislative control measures address the problem?. Indian Journal Of Psychiatry, 54(1), 64-68. doi:10. 4103/0019-5545. 94651 Johnston, R. (2012 September). The Public Sphere. Lecture conducted from Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario. Kobor, M. S. , & Weinberg, J. (2011).FOCUS ON: EPIGENETIC S AND FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS. Alcohol Research & Health, 34(1), 29-37. MacDonald, S. , Stockwell, T. , & Luo, J. (2011). The relationship between alcohol problems, perceived risks and attitudes toward alcohol policy in Canada. Drug And Alcohol Review, 30(6), 652-658. doi:10. 1111/j. 1465-3362. 2010. 00259. x Novak, J (2004) Alcohol Promotion and The Marketing Industy. York Univeristy: The Association to Reduce Alcohol Promotion in Ontario. Pollay, R. W. (2004). Considering the Evidence, No Wonder the Court Endorses Canada's Restrictions on Cigarette Advertising.Journal Of Public Policy ; Marketing, 23(1), 80-88. Sen, A. (2009). Estimating the impacts of household behavior on youth smoking: evidence from Ontario, Canada. Review Of Economics Of The Household, 7(2), 189-218. doi:10. 1007/s11150-008-9046-11 Statistics Canada. (2007). Prevalence of and adjusted odds ratios for viewing television 15 or more hours per week, by selected characteristics, household population aged 2 0 years or older. November 1, 2012. URL: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/pub/82-003-x/2008002/article/10600/t/5202428-eng. htm Statistics Canada (2009).Internet use by individuals, by selected frequency of use and age. November 1, 2012. URL: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/comm32a-eng. htm Statistics Canada (2009). Deaths by cause. October 31, 2012. URL: http://www5. statcan. gc. ca/cansim/pick-choisir? lang=eng;p2=33;id=1020525 Statistics Canada. (2011). Heavy Drinking by age group and sex. November 1, 2012. URL: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/health79a-eng. htm Tjepkema, M. (2004). In Alcohol and Illicit Drug Dependence. Statistics Canada, Catalogue 15.

Arab sheikdoms in the United Arab Emirates Essay

Dubai is one of the seven Arab sheikdoms in the United Arab Emirates (U. A. E. ). Before oil and gas were discovered in 1958, it was among the very poor sheikdoms under British protection and was once called a Trucial State. Today, their sheiks are independent and among the world’s richest men, with a gross annual income of $25. 7 billion. It has vast reserves of oil and natural gas (Ibrahim, 1982). The land is mainly salt mashes, barren desert, and sandy plain. Oases stud the desert areas. To the east, the mountains lie close to the sea. It is also famous as having the highest cost of living in the world – the cheapest apartment rents for $1,000 per month (Peck, 1986). The Emiratians (Dubai people) used to be pirates, fishermen or pearl divers, nomads or oasis farmers. Most are now wage earners or businessmen who feel more conscious of a national identity as a rich and important country. They are famous for two unique sports: (1) camel races, and (2) falconry. Colorful music, dancing and singing also give life to this otherwise dry place. This area of Gulf was notorious for piracy. They preyed on the trade between Europe and China. The British came in 1806 and started to impose oder against the Arab pirates. In 1853, piracy was finally wiped out when the sheiks signed the Perpetual Maritime Truce Agreement with Britain. Thus, the Pirate Coast became the respectable Trucial States (Seale, 1988). Today, Dubai is the largest commercial center and the nerve center for smuggling Western currency, gold, and other goods into the Indian subcontinent, especially Pakistan. Dubai is also the outlet for capital fleeing Afghanistan and Iran. One phenomenon of the oil boom was to fill Dubai’s population (like that of Kuwait and Qatar) mostly with foreigners. The majority of the population or around 50% is Indo-Pakistani outnumber the native Arabs, who populate the land by only 42%. The large foreign population (mostly migrant workers) are lured to Dubai by the high salaries, welfare benefits, and rapid development. To keep discipline, the governing Arab sheiks have emphasized Muslim (Shariah) law, religious education, and the observance of Muslim practices. The Muslim rulers and people are Sunnis, strongly influenced by the strict Wahabi sect of neighboring Saudi Arabia (Peck, 1986). Diplomacy, national security, information, communications, health, education, and the budgets of the three smaller emirates are decided by the federal government. The local sheiks retain control over policy within their emirates. The laws of Dubai (under the United Arab of Emirates) are divided into two main categories: union laws and decrees. A bill drafted by the Council of Ministers for non-binding deliberation by the Federal National Council and then submitted to the president for his assent and the Supreme Council of the Union for ratification becomes a union law when promulgated by the president. Decrees are issued jointly by the president and the Council of Ministers between sessions of the Supreme Council of the Union. As the final say is always on the Supreme Council of the Union, a decree must only be confirmed by them to remain valid (Ibrahim, 1982). Dubai’s political system, which is a unique combination of the traditional and the modern, has underpinned this political success, enabling the country to develop a modern administrative structure while, at the same time, ensuring that the best of the traditions of the past are maintained, adapted and preserved (Ibrahim, 1982). Relations with the other members of the U. A. E. have not always been smooth. The discovery of a big natural gas field in Sharjah reopened a border dispute with Dubai. In November 1982, Dubai sent tanks to the border to prevent Sharjah’s foreign contractors from drilling the field (Seale, 1988). However, not all is coming up roses for Dubai. Bad planning and extravagance have now caused new miseries. In fact, the most outstanding examples of ill-conceived investment in the Arab world are found in the Dubai ports and so-called international airports stand cheek to cheek. Within fifty kilometers of its coast are three major ports, including the Mina Jabel Ali, the biggest manmade port ever built. Its sixty-seven berths are now suffering terrible losses. Being a member of the United Arab Emirates, Dubai has an international airport of its own, making cynics joke that the state boundaries end where the next runway begins. The headquarters of the Arab Monetary Fund in Dubai have polished one-way windows done with gold compound (Peck, 1986). References Ibrahim, Saad Eddin. (1982). The New Arab Social Order: A Study of the Social Impact of Oil Wealth. Westview Press. Peck, Malcolm C. (1986). The United Arab Emirates: A Venture in Unity. Westview Press. Seale, Patrick. (1988). Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of California Press.

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Marketing - Assignment Example they provide extensive as well as exclusive club experiences and allow the member customers to track their flight information, reservation status etc. Sometimes the company even inclines towards providing discounted reservation for the selected exclusive club members (Bowman & Gatignon, 2010). British Airways is one of the busiest airlines over the world. It serves variety of people; mainly corporate tourists who make frequent travels and are loyal to the airways along with the business travellers the company even provides services to other travellers as well. All the applications are easy to use as well as allow users to access any essential information as per their needs. Other processes like, booking facilities, service processes are keenly extensive and exclusive for all the passengers. For providing a detailed understanding towards the marketing mix the targeted consumers are segmented within two groups to which British Airways provides B2C services. These segments are group of families who are having young children (aged between 18 and 30) and other group is over 60+ (single or married). British Airways provides variety of services for different segment of customers. It provides flights across different countries and in the different regions located around the globe, with the best quality flights services. British Airways known for its valued services preferred by executive class, business class, speed, security, service facilities, along with years of experiences in providing quality services to all the customers over years. Families prefer these services as they are usually travelling with children and 60+ aged people also prefer travelling in comfort. Additionally, British Airways serves the fundamental products along with other choices of product ranges in or der to satisfy all age customer needs. It has attained its standard and always tries to enhance and modify the service ranges and other facilities to make it suitable for general passengers of all

Early Childhood Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Early Childhood Evaluation - Essay Example According to Neisworth, & Bagnato (2004), young children are being mismeasured if formal assessments are used against them. The authentic assessment alternative for infants and young children, they said, should not be those conventional, norm-referenced testing practices which can be detriment to young children. At play-based schools for young children, teachers and Stanford psychologists conclude that the play is the thing (Firth, 2006). The rationale is that in a play-based environment, curiosity and learning are best encouraged because children can choose from a broad range of developmentally appropriate activities. It is wrong to imagine that classes at play-based schools have no structure - the reason for the adamant stance of policy makers to recognize informal assessments (Firth, 2006). Apparently, the word "play" simply invokes mindless movements and killing time initiatives to those un-initiated, which may explain what people thought of as devoid of assessment. Against this backdrop is the fact that the traditional dichotomy between the public-school system and early education has typically meant that play-based curricula have not been practiced by educators within the public-school system, the locus of most policy makers (Erwin & Delair (2004). In most play-based schools, however, where a typical session in the morning or afternoon in two to three sessions per week, a choice is offered among painting, clay, building with blocks, making a book, carpentry (with wood, hammers and real nails), dressing up, working in the sand, or simply racing around or swinging (Frith, 2006). Schools today are under threat by the NCLB law (New York Times, February 14, 2005). Everywhere, there are protests from states where teachers try to protect their beliefs about teaching. The foremost obligation of educators then, according to Morrison (2006), is to reconcile standards with play-based practice. However, he said, in doing this, the following age-old theories and precepts propounded by educational philosophy should be recognized. For example, teachers believed Piaget (1962) who said play promotes cognitive development and enables children to construct knowledge; they have long recognized Montessori (1912) who said play is children's work; respect had long been granted Vygotsky (1978) who opined that social interactions during play are essential to children's cognitive and emotional development; and they had paid tribute to Erikson (1950) who maintained that play enables children to become partners with their futures. At kindergarten level, the developmental areas to be measured may be on levels of cognition, language or communication, motor, social/emotional adjustment, self-help and adaptive skills at (ERIC clearing house, 1999) but they do not necessarily preclude play as locus of measurements. How could you bring something into the kindergarten setting that would satisfy your AP's need for definitive scores and accountability while still maintaining an appropriate learning environment for the children Culled from the National Science Teachers' Association (NSTA) WebNews Digest from 2004 up to the present are what could shed light into the case of formal assessment: 1) Some 68 percent of Americans were not aware or had minimal knowledge of the federal

Read d the instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Read d the instruction - Essay Example This article describes the role of the nurse as health care policy advocate and identifies legislations and regulations of the state, local and political governments. Indiana’s local government sponsors people by providing direct services and offering health insurance. The local government pays for uncompensated care through insurance premiums for government employees. The local government assists people through health insurance policies that work to favor patients. These legislations protect the health system of Indiana (Indiana Health Care Association). The federal government plays a crucial role in promoting innovation across a wide spectrum of healthcare activities in Indiana. Federal funding for healthcare information technology infrastructure, basic science and transitional research help fuel innovation. Transparent regulations can support rapid development, approval and adoption of strong delivery systems, high quality care and medical product advances. Federal health care policy can incentivize sustained private investment in the healthcare sector. Success of these efforts is critical to driving innovation to reduce health care costs and expand access to quality healthcare which favors the patient (Indiana Health Care Association). There are certain legislations and regulations in the state of Indiana that affect patient health care. Examples of these legislations include plans for paying for emergency room services, laws that guarantee continuity of care when a patient is discharged among others. These regulations control the functioning of the state government hospitals. They result into positive impact to patient recovery in the hospital (Indiana Health Care Association). 1)Â  Good documentation: everyone who has practiced nursing knows that if a procedure is done and not documented then it was not done at all.

Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Literacy - Essay Example e along a variety that includes of reading, writing and skill in both digital and print environments together with the critical understanding and decision-making abilities they need in their lives. Nonetheless, a culture creates a definition of this aspect, literacy is connected to most of the attributes in individuals’ and community life and remains an important basis for learning through life and should always be considered as a human right. Literacy involves an long-term and academic procedure of achieving meaning as a result of critical understanding of text or written text. The main characteristic of all literacy is the development of reading, which is a development of skills that start with the ability to understand spoken words and interpret written words that ends in a better understanding of the text. The development of reading abilities involves a variety of complicated language foundations such as being aware of speech sounds, patterns of spelling, meaning of words, grammar as well as the patterns used in forming words to provide a necessary stand that leads to ease in reading and ability to understand text. When these skills are acquired, the person who is reading can achieve full language literary that includes the capacity to critically explore printed material, conclude and create, write accurately and reasonably, and use the information and understanding from the text as the basis for informed choices and creative thoughts. An inability to achieve all this aspects is referred to as illiteracy. The English language has gone through a lot of significant changes throughout history and in the previous decade alone, the level of literacy of students has increased past the traditional characteristics such as reading, ability to understand, grammar and writing to encompass applications that are more digital and interactive. With the present learners experiencing numerous traditional and digital literacies, parents are left with the question of how they

How did American Missionaries Fare in China Essay

How did American Missionaries Fare in China - Essay Example AMERICAN MISSIONARY ACTIVITIES IN CHINA: The missionary activities in china had started from the beginning of the nineteenth century. The British missionaries were the first to enter the land in 1807. It was not until 1860s when the first American mission set foot in china. The basic reason of any missionary was to inculcate the idea of Christianity in the minds of the people. The missionaries who went to china were generally Protestants. Thus, the ideology of the protestant Christians began spreading in china in the early nineteenth century by the British missions, and in the late nineteenth century by the American missions. The missions of preaching Christianity were a sub category of the greater mission of America. The greater mission was to become the East Asian power and the missionary activities acted as a gateway for further Americans to show their presence in East Asia. For example, by the end of the nineteenth century, America had a direct control in countries like Philippin es and an indirect control in many other East Asian countries. The missions could also be classified under the heading of American Imperialism. This term states that America at getting an influence of its culture and economy in other countries. The missionary activities could have been a gateway for this greater aim. ... Although these people had already interacted with the American missionaries and their families in china, but they experienced a cultural shock when they experienced the lives of the Americans at first hand. Moreover, Chinese workers also had to face the problem of racism which made them realize the difference in both the communities. OPEN DOOR POLICY When America was emerging as an economic power in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, it was able to negotiate terms with the rest of the powers. Open door policy stated that all the countries could trade with china given that these countries do not harm the culture and the traditions of china as an influence of the trade. The success of this policy shows the influence and power that America had in the region, thus clearly indicating to the success of the missionary voyages. U.S. AND CHINA ALLIANCE IN THE WWII The effects of the American involvement in china were that during the Second World War, china allied itself with the western forces. This gave the allies a great advantage in terms of strategic location. Japan, who was the part of the axis states, now could be threatened from its very neighbor. The reasons for chines alignment with the allies are many in number, but one fundamental reason was the continuous involvement of America in china. Chinese could turn to America for help when japan showed aggression in 1937. STILWELL AND AMERICAN MILITARY IMPERIALISM: Perhaps the most impactful policy of American Imperialism in China was through American intervention in Chinese army for getting a military edge in the Asian region more specifically the CBI (Chinese Burma Indian Theater). For this they chose no other man than their trump card Joseph

Crimes Against Humanity and Genocide in India Essay

Crimes Against Humanity and Genocide in India - Essay Example The violence that broke out was patterned on the themes of political/religious intolerance and ethnic cleansing. Pertinent issues of concern include the lack of proper police response, as well as organized perpetration of crime that went unabated by concerned security agencies (in Delhi). The involvement of government officials will be discussed, as well the Indian Army’s role-play. The massacre of the Sikhs in Punjab, India was an organized crime that was supported by the government following the assassination of Indira Gandhi who was Prime Minister at the time of her death, having had a massive influence on India’s political landscape because of her relation to Mahatma Gandhi, India’s most revered personality. The massacre led to the death of many people and destruction of a lot of property following the effective organization of the massacre. It is during her administration that the Indian Emergency (the 1970s) was imposed with this subsequently resulting in the detention of thousands of Sikhs who were politically agitating for some form of autonomy (Deol 78). During this era, sporadic violence was present, resulting from the increased armed activity of an armed Sikh separatist group. The Indian government’s apt designation of this separatist group as a terrorist entity further worsened the already tense political atmosphere (Deol 75). This culminated in the commencement of Operation Blue Star, where Prime Minister Indira ordered an attack on the Golden Temple by the Indian Army. This was in response to the violent occupation of the Temple by Sikh separatists, who being viewed as insurgents, were reported to have been stockpiling weapons (Singh). Her tough stance towards the group resulted in this direct order that was to focus on eliminating any insurgents founds, with later armed operations initiated in the larger Punjab state’s countryside.Indian paramilitary forces were commanded to clear any separatists that were hosted in the countryside with no option of negotiation (Rana).

Why College is important to Me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why College is important to Me - Essay Example College is important to me as it will tell me who I really am and what I can do towards changing the world dynamics. I will study the different subjects and thus choose a career pathway for my own self, in light of the subject areas that I will study at college. I will thus gain hands on experience of what I will be doing in the future – which will eventually be my profession at the end of the day. The college will be significant to me as it will tell me how to exchange ideas and viewpoints with people, how to interact with them and will also tell me the exact way under which I need to conduct my own self at the best of times. It will give me the much needed exposure that I need in order to move about freely in this world. Thus college is important to me as it will give me the insight and knowledge that I desire for and the truth which is hidden from me, when it comes to knowing all about the world in

Academic appeal letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic appeal letter - Essay Example I was elated as Nursing has always been my passion. During the last semester, I suffered from a number of health conditions including High Blood pressure (Medical note will be presented on request). This took a toll on me, I was unable to focus on my studies, my energy level consistently kept dropping and I had to invigorate myself, which was not easy. Towards the end of semester ----- in 20--- I experienced considerable stress due to the breakdown of my relationship with my husband. His long hours of work and rotating shifts coupled with my endeavor to succeed, created an isolation period in the relationship. This was an extremely traumatic time for me as there were times when I taught he was seeing someone else. In addition to my own feelings, I also had to provide support to my son who was also going through a difficult time in Texas, where I left him. I found it extremely difficult to concentrate on completing university requirements both in terms of how I was feeling and also my need to attend to practical elements of our relationship. I was diagnosed with depression (please see attached letter of support from my counsellor). Unfortunately on November 11, 2011, my mother-in-law passed away and I was obviously very distressed as she was much close to me. I accompanied my husband to Grenada for the burial, which gave me very little time to study for my finals. I was granted special considerations during the semester in the form of extensions to my assignments but unfortunately the biggest impact was on my exam preparation. I perhaps should have applied for deferred examinations but I felt that it was better to push on and keep myself occupied with my studies. Unfortunately my preparation was significantly impacted on, as was my exam performance. While I continue to experience the impact of my relationship breakdown, I believe that my situation has improved enough for me to

The Median Home Price Essay Example for Free

The Median Home Price Essay The median home price in your area has increased in the last 10 years, how does this differ from the mean home price your area?   The mean, which is commonly known as the average, is the sum of numerical coefficients divided by the number of quantity redundancy.  Ã‚   For instance, the mean of numbers 2, 4, 4, 5, 10 is 5, while its median is 4.   The median, on the other hand, is the middle coefficient in a given set of numbers. Given the basic difference of mean and median, it is therefore possible for the median home price to have a greater or lesser value, which is ultimately dependent on the price range in the area.    For instance, if my community is very diverse in terms of economic capacities of the residents, the cheapest home being $50,000 and the most expensive being $1,550,000, then the median home price would be $800,000.   If in this same neighborhood, the number of high-income house is considerably more than lower income house, then the mean or average price can be higher than $800,000; if there is a larger number of low-income houses, then the mean or average price can be lower than $800,000. Mean and median are essentially different measures with different purposes. The mean is the more accurate measure when the spread of pricing is fairly small in terms of range.   If the neighborhood is homogenous in terms of economic profile, then the mean can be used. If there are deviants in price, like very cheap or very expensive houses, which can drastically change the average, then the median is more appropriate to use. In conclusion, the median home price in my area for the past ten years can remain unchanged, while the mean is increasing or decreasing; this can go both ways or simultaneously. What needs to be considered, in determining whether to use the mean or median, is the numerical price spread of the houses.

Exploring The Darkness Within Kurtz English Literature Essay

Exploring The Darkness Within Kurtz English Literature Essay The Heart of Darkness stands as a profound examination of the hypocrisy of imperialism, and the darkness that results from it. This imperialism embodies itself in the form of Kurtz, the antagonist of the story. Kurtz initially exists as a remarkable man, an emissary of light who enters the Congo with noble intentions. (Conrad) However, as he enters the heart of darkness that is the Congo, his own heart becomes dark as well. This novella explores Kurtzs transformation in three consecutive chapters. The darkness foreshadows itself in part one, describes its path in part two, and finally presents itself in part three. Conrad depicts this darkness with his skillful use of imagery and metaphors. Carefully crafting the message of the story, Conrad utilizes imagery and metaphors as the paints to his palette. Foreshadowing permeates every moment of this narrative. Although it can be found in the entirety of the story, it predominates in part one. The foundations for the consistently dark imagery lie in Conrads prolific sentence structure, which tends to meditatively wonder, both in the scenery and his own philosophical speculation. (Lachotta) Through the vivid imagery, many metaphors arise, and contribute to the foreshadowing as well. The foremost metaphor of part one exists as the Congo River itself, which resembles an immense snake uncoiled. (Conrad) One usually associates a snake with evil, which foreshadows the actuality that lies in the Congo. As a metaphor, it represents the European imperialism, and thus, it represents Kurtz. Another metaphor lies within the two woman at the doctors office, who are knitting black wool. Marlow states his uneasiness in regards to them, how they seem to be guarding the door of Darkness. (Conrad) Conrad capitalizes Darkness in this sentence to emphasiz e the imagery of his message. Indeed, these women stand as an omen for the dark months that lie ahead, for once Marlow enters that door, he officially becomes part of the dark world that leads him to Kurtz. Numerous metaphors in part one foreshadow Kurtz transformation into madness. The story of Fresleven, who was the gentlest, quietist creature to ever walk on two legs, exemplifies this dark dissent. After a couple of years engaged in the noble cause, he attempts to assert self respect by beating a native mercilessly, all for the frivolous reason of two black hens. (Conrad) The fact that the doctor wants to measure Marlows head, along with the Swedes story of the man who hangs himself, both serve as key elements of foreshadowing Kurtzs own destiny. (HoD, Symbolism) Once the foreshadowing takes place, Conrad further explores Kurtzs darkness in part two. Now that Marlow physically stands in the Congo jungle, he vividly describes the darkness that part one preludes to. As the managers uncle extends him arm out to the forest, Marlow states that he seems to beckon to the lurking death, the hidden evil, the profound darkness of its heart. (Conrad) This ominous atmosphere of the Congo exists as the same atmosphere that drives Kurtz to madness. Once Marlow and his crew descend up the river to reach the inner station, Conrads vivid imagery presents further metaphors. Marlow explains that going up the river was like traveling back to the earliest beginnings of the world, when vegetation rioted on the earth and the big trees were kings. (Conrad) Comparing this journey to the beginning of the world represents the colonists journey, which moves away from civilization and towards a primitive existence. As they move away from civilized society, they become cl oser to the heart of darkness that Kurtz physically and psychologically lives in. Another metaphor presents itself with the personification of the trees as kings. This alludes to Kurtzs proclamation of himself as a god to the natives, something of which he accomplishes only through his primitive location. Overall, the imagery of Africa Conrad deploys in part two provides a backdrop for Kurtzs moral dissolution. (Mwikisa) Once the path up the river comes to an end, part three begins. In this final chapter, Conrad presents the core of the darkness Kurtz himself. The entire novella leads up to this point, in which Kurtzs corruption establishes itself. Presiding over the inner station, Kurtz becomes addicted to his power. (Rekue) He grows tired of being a mere man, and through force and violence, transforms himself into an omnipotent figure. The scene where the natives carry him on a stretcher indicates how he completely abandons European morals and norms of behavior. (Lachotta) In the beginning of this chapter, Conrads phenomenal imagery illustrates the inner station. As Marlow observes his surroundings, he assures that never before did this land, this river, this jungle, the very arch of this blazing sky, appear to me so hopeless and so dark. (Conrad) This not only explores Kurtzs darkness, but preludes to his hopeless death. Kurtz gives in to the immoral temptation within the Congo, and thus, his inn er darkness takes over. In further speculation of the chapter, Conrads imagery and metaphors explore the characteristics of darkness itself. Three elements must correlate in order to constitute darkness. These elements include anger, fear, and aggression. (Lachotta) Throughout this chapter, Kurtz exemplifies all three of these characteristics. After Marlow witnesses Kurtz being carried on a stretcher, the harlequin tells the story of how Kurtz threatened to shoot him over a small lot of ivory. Kurtz reasoning was that he could do so, and had a fancy for it. (Conrad) This, along with the chastisement of the manager, represents Kurtzs anger. The heads of the rebels on the sticks represent his aggression in gaining complete power; his ivory hunts represent his aggression in obtaining ivory. In regards to fear, Kurtz fears being taken away from the dark place of which he feels comfortable. In the desperation that arises from his fear, he tries to escape by crawling away the night before the departure. Kurtz ple ads that he has his plans, but his efforts remain futile. (HoD Study Guide) Through these three elements, Conrad explores the darkness of the human soul. Kurtzs moral degeneration in the Congo epitomizes that darkness, which in the end, completely envelops him. Kurtz initially exists as a man of morals, who travels to the Congo full of philanthropic ideals. (HoD, Kurtz) However, these ideals become devoured by the darkness of imperialism. The Heart of Darkness explores this transformation through the three chapters of the novella. The darkness foreshadows itself in part one, describes its path in part two, and presents itself in part three. Conrad depicts this darkness through his aesthetic use of imagery and metaphors, which work to intertwine throughout the entire story. During the last moments of his life, Kurtz, in realization of his darkness, utters the words, The horror! The horror! (Conrad) In the end, he succumbs to the darkness, for once you start down the dark path, forever will it dominate your destiny; consume you it will. (Yoda Quotes)

History of documentary photography

History of documentary photography For this assignment we were required to work in groups to give a formal presentation on early documentary. Specifically the biography and works of the following three 19th century photographers; Francis Frith, Rodger Fenton and Mathew Brady discussing three images of each photographer. These photographers were a few of the first to record history in the making. To explore and share the places they captured and the people living there. This new form of communication played a vital role in the way society viewed painting and drawing. Not only as a method for channelling material but also as a medium of visual or artistic articulation. The Rockland Community College (2007  ¶3) when discussing the history of documentary photography give the following definitions; The Oxford Encyclopedia of photography defines documentary; â€Å"In the broadest sense, all photography not intended purely as a means of artistic expression might be considered ‘documentary’, the photograph, a visual document, of an event, place, object, or person, providing evidence of a moment in time. Yet the term ‘documentary photography’ has a more specific meaning. The Life Librarys Documentary Photography (1972) defined it as ‘a depiction of the real world by a photographer whose intent is to communicate something of importance—to make a comment—that will be understood by the viewer’. Francis Frith, an English photographer, was born in 1822. By 1853 Frith become a founding member of the Liverpool Photographic Society. A good businessman, Frith sold his companies in 1855 and committed himself exclusively to photography. He made three voyages to the Middle East, the first a trip to Egypt in 1856 with a sizable 16 x 20 camera. When he finally made the journey home Frith was regarded as celebrity as his works had reached London long before he had. In 1860 Frith embarked on a monumental mission. He wanted to document every city, town and village in Britain. His intention was to portray a 3D scene onto a 2D box as accurately as possible. While most travel photographers were partial to the more convenient paper-based calotype, Frith preferred to use the collodian process. This posed many problems during his expeditions to Palestine and Egypt where the climate is dominated by heat, dust and insects. His images have a literal, straightforward representation of the most characteristics of a place. This was accomplished by having a foreground middle ground and background. When possible he added people into his images to give an idea of scale and to add information such as hobbies and fashion. (see Addendum A, fig. 1-3) English born Fenton, came to photography from the legal profession. His first works were a series of calotypes taken during a visit to Russia. He became the principal founder of the Photographic Society of London. His most widespread acclaim came in 1855 with the Crimean War and becoming the official photographer for the British Museum after photographing Queen Victoria. Balaklava looking seawards, (see Addendum B, fig. 1) gives us a general view of the landscape and buildings. In the foreground sits the Commandants house, behind to the right, is the arms quay and the harbour, in the distance there is line of ships retreating. In the left corner we see the remains of the old Genoese castle which sits on the hills. Images of the war were originally intended to counteract the general unpopularity of war and occasional critical reporting (see Addendum B, fig. 2). The images from Fenton were transformed to woodblocks and then published in Illustrated London News which was regarded as a less critical publication. This staged image illustrates the civilised, structured and almost glamorized way in which Fenton wanted to portray the war. Widely regarded as the first iconic photograph of war (see Addendum B, fig. 3). This image was captured in close proximity to where the Charge of the Light Brigade (which was made famous by Tennysons poem) occurred. The soldiers writing back to their families called it The Valley of Death Fenton bolstered this by intentionally titling the image The Valley of the Shadow of Death with its specific reference to Psalm 23. This emphasizes Fentons efforts throughout his career to elevate the status of photography as an art. As seen by Fentons description this image fulfils the role of the documentary photographer in that it is a visual record of history in the making. Known as the father of photojournalism, Ameriacan Mathew Brady was one of the most acclaimed photographers of the19th century. Brady is best acknowledged for the documentation of the American Civil War and his portraits of celebrities. He made use of many paid assistants, managing to capture thousands of images of American Civil War. It is from these images taken that we gather the most knowledge and understanding of the curcumstances which occurred during the War. One of Bradys most well-known images of three confederate soldiers who were captured in Gettysberg, 1863 (see Addendum C, fig. 2). Due to the exposure time we can safely assume that Brady asked the men to gather in order for him to capture the image. In doing so the men intuitively posed in such a way that grants us an indication of how they wanted themselves portrayed. While these men are captives they still stand tall and proud, with one man even having his hand on his chest. Brady had the capability to recognize a story and capture the atmosphere of that story on to film. Brady took many group portraits of both Union regiments and Confederate soldiers. These images (see Addendum C, fig. 2) were all posed in a similar way, showing the order and discipline of both sides. Brady portrayed them all as American Heroes, they fight for that which they believe in. In comparison the photographs of both sides tell the same story of men willing to die for their cause, the only difference being their uniforms. The following image (see Addendum C, fig. 3) was taken of a slave known only as Gordon after he had escaped from a Louisiana plantation. Gordon found refuge at a Union regiment camp where, before he enlisted as a soldier, he was examined by doctors who found the horrific scars on his back. The purpose of the image was to record the brutal treatment Gordon was forced to endure. After this portrait was taken it became on of the most important and powerful images used as part of the movement to abolish slavery in America. Prior to the invention of photography all events, occasions and information were illustrated by a painting medium, and although many paintings evoke an emotional response it would be severely misguided to assume that what we are being presented with is not inaccurate, fictitious, or even unashamedly deceptive. Queen Elizabeth I, for example, has had so many different paintings composed that we have no real means of truly identifying her. However, unlike paintings, the images Frith, Fenton and Brady produced could show more accurately new landscapes and record historical events. Nasreen Chothia and Darren van Tonder 1

Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions Essay

Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions Who would have ever thought the way a radioactive particle decays would relate to whether or not we have bad attitudes towards life? Who would have ever suspected that the structure of space-time would be so closely linked to whether or not we would marry rich wives? And who indeed would have ever expected that the properties of light might affect whether or not we go on homicidal rampages? Perhaps Kurt Vonnegut did. Could it be possible that a writer known more for his pictures of assholes than his knowledge of advanced physics actually centered some of the deepest concepts in his works on the philosophical implications of general relativity and quantum mechanics? Two of his greatest novels, Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions, both seem to hint at the relationship between modern physics and an idea philosophers call determinism. Vonnegut readers might well scratch their heads and flip through their copies of these books, searching the stories of the fragmented life of a war veteran and the deranged antics of a mad car salesman for a chapter on the Schrà ¶dinger wave equation they may have skipped. I freely admit that their search will be in vain, and that no truly concrete proof exists that Vonnegut based the ideas in these books on the latest discoveries of science. But I also contend that the parallels between Vonnegut’s work and advanced physics are a little too perfect to be a series of very lucky accidents. From this perspective, it seems likely that Vonnegut used ideas based on physics to support the idea of determinism in Slaughterhouse-Five and destroy it in Breakfast of Champions. But perhaps before arguing about the ways Von... ...e and what he saw made him more optimistic. Or maybe it was all due to copious consumption of the â€Å"little pill[s]† he takes to â€Å"cheer up† (Vonnegut, Breakfast of†¦ 4). Even Vonnegut might not know for certain. All that can be said with confidence is that Vonnegut’s idea of truth evolved between Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions, just like the theories and concepts of physics do even now. In the end, so too must all human knowledge die and be reborn. As Vonnegut might say (Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse†¦ 34), â€Å"So it goes.† Works Cited Rachels, James. Problems from Philosophy. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2005. Vonnegut, Kurt. Breakfast of Champions. New York: Dell Publishing, 1973. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five. New York: Dell Publishing, 1969. Zukav, Gary. Dancing Wu-Li Masters. New York: William Morrow and Company, inc., 1979.

Software Piracy And Its Effects Essay -- essays research papers

Software Piracy and it's Effects Identification and Description of the Issue Copyright law are perhaps those laws which are breached the most by individual on a daily bases. This is because one might not know be informed about these law or because not much is done to enforce these law. Also some countries of the world have no Copyright laws. Software Piracy is a breach of a copyright law as one copies data contained on the medium on to another medium without the consent of the owner of the Software. When one buy a software one buys not the software content and therefore it isn't ones property. Instead one buy the license to use the software with accordance to the licensing agreement. Software companies invest a lot of time and money in creating a Software and the company rely upon the sales of the Software for it's survival. If illegal copies are made of Software the companies earns no money and could therefore be forced into bankruptcy. Software Piracy can be compared to robbing as one is stealing the goods of someone else and using it without paying for it. Up to 13 Billions dollars are lost in computer piracy yearly and in order to overcome these cost the company are force to rise the prices of their product. Brand name are properties of their respected companies and they have the right to protect their properties. Understanding of the IT background of the Issue Software is contained on disc or on a CD-ROM. Pirates copy can easily be made of Software on disc by copying from one disc to another disc. For CD-ROM one needs a CD-ROM burner or one copies the content onto a large hard disc and then on to a floppy disc. There are some underground bulletin boards ( BBS ) that contain pirate software. A user who logs on to one of these BBS can download Full version of Pirate Software provided one too can give something in return. On the Internet there are binary Newsgroup such as alt.binaries.warez, WWW pages and FTP sites that also contain Pirate Software. On the Newsgroup the Files are send upon request from anonymous users. As a result people who have access to the Internet can retrieve these Software Program free of charge. The person posting the Pirate software could be from a countries that has no copyright laws. These methods used in Software Piracy are hard to stop because of the fact it is done on the Internet and between individual form different co... ...e it to unlikely that any new copy protection will not be cracked. To much copy protection could drive away legitimate consumers. Till now politician haven't really looked into the problem of Software piracy and Copyrights very thoroughly as they think that there are bigger problems to solve. Once though legislation are passes and people made aware that Software Piracy is a crime one could see a fall in Software Piracy. In dealing with other country involves a lot of bureaucracy but also a committed government. For anything to occur on the political level could take years for any effects to be seen. It has the greatest chance of solving the problem in the long run. In the technological side one could solve the problem only one a short term but implementation would be fast. Sources Internet Page WWW.pcworld.com/News December 96 Business Software Alliance Information Sheet on Software Piracy Computer Ethics Tom Forester &Perry Morrison Chapter3 "Software Theft" page 51-72 CNN Computer Connection December 96 - January 97 PC Magazine entire 96 Volume Reuters InfoWorld, Vol.19, No.6 Reuters 6 Feb. 97 Media Daily, Jan 30, 1997 Article on FBI crackdown on Software Pirates

Delusions of Grandeur †My Summer in Greece :: Personal Narrative

Delusions of Grandeur – My Summer in Greece It is the lawlessness of Greece that attracts both travelers and outcasts. They arrive on ferry boats with the eagerness of immigrants, drunk with notions of escape and pleasure. This hedonistic lure of the Greek islands is far removed from the academic splendor of mainland Europe. In myth, Greece is a land ruled by the selfish whimsy of the gods, and this climate of self-indulgence blows across the Ionian island of Corfu like a frolicking wind. Teetering, as it does, on the far edge of western civilization, Corfu presents itself as a haven or a refuge, depending on one’s orientation as traveler or derelict. Here, travelers can live out their adolescent fantasies and outcasts can be gods. The playground of these gods, the Mount Olympus of debauchery, spills down the steep east coast of Corfu like a glob of Pepto Bismol—the Pink Palace. I came to the Pink Palace in late May, one of a steady trickle of off-season travelers who had arrived just in time to enjoy the last of the cool nights before the torrent of peak season vacationers, drawn by the summer heat, filled the island to capacity. The last leg of a nine-month solo expedition through Europe, the Pink Palace was my last indulgence in freedom before I flew home to start college. On paper, the resort looked like Paradise—the very brochure seemed saturated with ambrosia. Pictures of gleeful scuba divers, vast cliffs that fell into the Ionian Sea and sunny rooms lured me from the mainland. But the brochure’s utopian promise—†Ideally situated on the sands of Agios Gordios beach, the Palace assures a stay that you’ll never forget†Ã¢â‚¬â€turned out to be, at best, a euphemistic appraisal of the jarring reality that awaited me. The Pink Palace was a glaring twentieth-century smear on an otherwise primitive landscape. At night, the profusion of light and music that came from the resort was as obnoxious and out of place as the sickly pink stucco structure that scarred the green hillside. Self-indulgence came in liquid form at the Pink Palace, with names like Ouzo, Blowjobs, B-52s, Kamikazes, and Alabama Slammers. Having dutifully saturated themselves with the culture of the mainland, my fellow guests now allowed themselves the corporeal pleasure of drunken oblivion.

Cyber Crime and Targets

The profit has put the world liter ally at all(prenominal)ones fingertips with a grand quantity of cultivation is a mo part-click a bureau. breeding that was once however available in obscure reference libraries or invoice catalogs can be accessed by everyone. alas the inter interlock is an equal probability tool, and those with innocuous as well as vicious intentions can use this open preference to further their lawsuits to levels heretofore unheard of. The internet is also soapbox for unbosom talking to that epitomizes the intentions of the founding fathers to allow everyone the same opportunity to return their opinions aired.There is a line that lots blurs in the midst of legitimate and illegal behavior, when does irate criticism become bullying, when does an expression of philia become harassment and how do the governing differentiate between someone aspect up an old classmate for conflagrate a friendship and stalking a former girlfriend that spurned their o vertures. The extreme protections of free speech and requirements of specificity of regulations make the barbarousisation of in tolerate behavior.CAUSES OF CYBER CRIMEThere be m all reasons why cyber- bends commit cyber- discourtesy, chief among them are these trine listed belowCyber-crimes can be move for the sake of recognition. This is basically committed by youngsters who want to be noniced and shade among the group of the big and tough guys in the society. They do not mean to suffer any(prenominal)one in particular they fall into the kinfolk of the Idealists who just want to be in spotlight. Another political campaign of cyber-crime is to make libertine money. This group is greed hit and is rush criminals, who tamper with selective bring forthment on the net or governance especially, e-commerce, e-banking entropy information with the sole target of committing fraud and swindling money off unsuspecting customers.Thirdly, cyber-crime can be committed to figh t a instance one thinks he believes in to cause brat and more or less a good deal modify that affect the recipients adversely. This is the most dangerous of all the causes of cyber-crime. Those involve believe that they are chip a just cause and so do not mind who or what they destroy in their quest to rag their goals achieved. These are the cyber-terrorists.HOW TO ERADICATE CYBER CRIMEResearch has shown that no equity can be put in smear to potently use up the conquer of cyber-crime. Attempts piss been made topically and internationally, nevertheless these pr issueice of laws heretofore live shot-comings. What constitutes a crime in a country whitethorn not in another, so this has always made it easy for cyber criminals to go free after being caught.These challenges notwithstanding, organizations should in the content of the idealists, fight them done education not law. It has been be that they protagonist big companies and government see pledge measures h oles which career criminals or even cyber-terrorist could use to assail them in future. or so often, companies engage them as consultants to help them build solid security for their systems and data.The Idealists often help the society through their highly mediatised and individually revileless actions, they help important organizations to discover their high-tech security holes. The enforcement of law on them can only trigger trouble, because they would not stop notwithstanding would want to defy the law. Moreover, if the goal of the cyber-crime loom is to eradicate cyber-crime, it mint well eradicate instead a whole impudently culture, in education is a more than better way to prevent their actions.Another path of eradicating cyber-crime is to harmonize international cooperation and law, this goes for the greed motivated and cyber-terrorists. They can not be fought by education, because they are already established criminals, so they can not behave. The only appropriate way to fight themis by enacting newborn laws, harmonize international legislations and encourage coordination and cooperation between national law enforcement agencies.WHO ARE relateThose involved in committing cyber-crimes are in three categories and they are THE IDEALISTS (Teenager). They are unremarkably not highly trained or skilful, forgetd youngsters between the ages of 13 26 who seek genial recognition. They want to be in the spotlight of the media. Their actions are world-widely damageable but individually negligible. Like denying a lot of important e-commerce hordes in February, 2000 is give tongue to to have caused high damages to these companies. Most often they attack systems with viruses they created their actual harm to all(prenominal) individual is relatively negligible. By the age of 26 to 26 when they have matured and understood the weighter from Decatur of their actions, they regress interest and stop.THE GREED MOTIVATED (Career Criminals).This displa y case of cyber-criminals is dangerous because they are usually unprincipled and are ready to commit any type of crime, as long as it brings money to them. They started the child pornography often called cyber-pornography which englobes legal and illegal pornography on the internet. They are usually very ingenious and organized and they know how to escape the law enforcement agencies. These cyber-criminals are committing grievous crimes and damages and their unscrupulousness, peculiarly in child-pornography and cyber-gambling is a serious holy terror to the society.Example to show how serious a threat they pose to the society is the victim of the European bank of Antigua are said to have lost more than $10million theft of rich trade cloistereds the source legislation of the favourite micro-soft windows exploration system by a Russian based hacker could be extremely dangerous the hackers could use the code to break all firewalls and penetrated remotely every computer equipped with windows were confirmed. Another physical exercise could be the selling of the code to competitors.THE CYBER TERRORISTS. They are the newest and most dangerous group. Their primary spring is not just money but also a specific cause they defend. They usually engage in move threat mails, destroying data stored in in the first place government information systems just to class their point. The threat of cyber-terrorism can be compared to those of nuclear,bacteriological or chemical tool threats. This disheartening issue is that they have no state frontiers can operate from any where in the world, and this makes it difficult for them to get caught. The most wanted cyber-terrorist is Osama Bin sloshed who is said to use steganography to hide secret pass alongs within pictures, example, a picture of Aishwarya Rai hosted on the website could contain a hidden message to blow up a building. A surprising fact is that these hidden messages do not alter the shape, size or look of the original pictures in any way.HOW TO DETECT A CRIMINAL MAILA criminal mail is usually sent to net doings with the aim of either corrupting the system or committing fraud. The way to detect such(prenominal) mails is by putting security measures in place which would detect criminal patterns in the network. watchword Story by Paul Roberts, of IDG parole Service says that Unisys Suite has a system called the Unisys Active Risk Monitoring arranging (ARMS) which helps banks and other organizations spot patterns of seemingly unrelated events that add up to criminal activity.Actimize applied science Ltd based in New York has demonstrable engine room that modifys organizations to do complex data mining and analysis on stored information and transaction data without needing to copy it to a separate data warehouse. The actimize software runs on the Microsoft Corp. Windows NT or Windows 2002 platform and can be developed on threadbare server hardware with either four to eight process ors, Katz said.Eric J. Sinrod in his article Whats Up With Government Data Mining states that the get together States Federal Government has been using data mining techniques for various purposes, from attempting to improve advantage to trying to detect terrorists patterns and activities. The most effective way to detect criminal mails is to go out security gadgets, educate employees on how to use them, and to be at alert for such mails, above all, making sure no security holes is left unattended to.CONCLUSIONIt has been deduced from this demand that reliance on terrestrial laws is still an untested approach despite nurture being made in galore(postnominal) countries, they still rely on standard terrestrial laws to prosecute cyber-crimes and these laws are antediluvial statutes that have been in existence originally the coming of the cyberspace. Also weak penalties nail down deterrence countries with updated criminal statutes still have weak penalties on the criminal stat utes this cannot deter criminals from committing crimes that have large-scale economic and social effect on the society.Also a global patchwork of laws creates teensy certainty little consensus exist among countries regarding which crimes need to be legislated against. self-defence remains the first line of defence reaction and a model approach is essential by most countries especially those in the developing world looking for a model to follow. They recognize the importance of outlawing malevolent computer-related acts in a timely port or in order to promote a desexualise environment for e-commerce.Cyber-crime with its complexities has proven difficult to combat due to its constitution. Extending the rule of law into the cyberspace is a circumstantial step towards creating a trustworthy environment for people and businesses. Since the provision of such laws to in effect deter cyber-crime is still a work in progress, it becomes necessary for individuals and corporate bodies to forge out ways of providing security for their systems and data.To provide this self-protection, organizations should focus on implementing cyber-security plans addressing people, process and technology issues, more resources should be put in to educate employees of organizations on security practices, develop thorough plans for handling sensitive data, records and proceeding and incorporate robust security technology- -such as firewalls, anti-virus software, intrusion detection tools and authentication services.By way recommendations, these kinds of actions are suggested following the weak nature of global legal protection against cyber-crimeFirms should secure their network information. When organization provides security for their networks, it becomes realistic to enforce property rights laws and punishment for whoever interferes with their property.Laws should moderate to cyber-crimeNational governments still are the study authority who can regulate criminal behavior in most places in the world. So a conscious effort by government to put laws in place to tackle cyber-crimes would be rather necessary.There should be a dependent relationship between the firms, government and well-behaved society to strengthen legal frameworks for cyber-security. An act has to be crime in each jurisdiction before it can be prosecuted across a border. Nation essential define cyber-crimes in similar manner, to enable them pass legislation that would fight cyber-crimes locally and internationally.

Campus Couture

Essentially, this go away work by Campus COUtUre bargain for pieces from occasions and new(prenominal) local and international sellers, and fling it as a get plunk for ofal do to our line of work. Campus Couture allows its members to calculate garnisheees by new arrivals, size, color, style, or price. We run into invest to bye lease work for women to att fetch up date nights, cocktail parties, and formal compositors cases idyllically for the western sandwich Community. Campus Couture, Inc. Was incorporated in 201 2 and is ground in capital of the United Kingdom, Ontario (Exhibit 1). 1. Goals and Objectives The initial destination of Campus Couture is to present our aggregate research and comp curiosity to generate confidence in our course model and its feasibility. Establish a front end Within the Campus Community Establish a consistent base of users that rely on Campus Coutures site for their semi-formal and formal relegate Establish ourselves be the fore runners in cause wear for the tar jack offed consumers Minimize Start-Up Costs From an trading operations standpoint, we strive to minimize start-up costs and addition our client-base in the first fiscal year, enchantment generating a constant stream of mesh in later periods.Promote Website Traffic By increasing aw beness about Campus Couture, we aim to capture 15% of western sandwichs pi steadyate domain of a function to become active members of Campus Couture, Inc. By the end of our first year of operations (Exhibit 2) pecuniary Usually negative cash from operations is risky, b bely sometimes is necessary to get the billet afloat. Breakable by the end of 2nd fiscal year. Personal Goals $1 5,000 in drawings by the Second monetary Year End (2013-2014) Drawings for Campus COUtUre Board of straightawayors at 70% Of net income by third fiscal year-end Work irregular between 5-8 hours per week 1. Key supremacy Factors Successful hybridizinget Penetration initial fo od grocery penetration is vital for our production line to prosper. As a consequence of our for the most part unfamiliar condescension judgment, our merchandising practices must(prenominal) be well-planned and innovative in nine to win oer our customer base. ascribable to the influence of word-of-mouth and well-disposed media action mechanism amongst our nates demographic, we be roostve that once this initial base is established, we puke deliver a steady increase in customer base moving forward.Trendiest and Afford ability Trendiest and affordability be diagnose determinants of Campus Coutures success, as todays youth wants to maintain a elanable im mount without the substantial expenditures associated with purchasing an outfit. Campus Couture aims to keep its product cracks veritable and updated adhering to the in vogue(p) stylus skips. Further more(prenominal), each(prenominal) rental go forth be a fraction of the sell cost of the fare, meaning that Ca mpus Couture ordain be a practical alternative. Affordability is the keystone to our assembly line model, and it is imperative that it is maintained.Our price model is based off of the morsel of times we expect each garb to be rented, thusly increasing the customer base and the number of rentals. We lot expect to increase fund, slice driving down rental point in the future. 1. 4 Corporate Capabilities Strengths Campus Couture adheres to a unique duty model and evoke take definitive strides to provide our members a vast selection of dresses that cater to our scholars and childly professionals. Campus Couture has skilled personnel that atomic number 18 un opinionated of handling the daily operations and logistics twisty with running a rental service.They squander unrivaled insight into our target coiffureet as we are Western school-age childs representing former(a) Western schoolchilds. The use of favorable media applied science has provided Campus Couture cons ider access to the target market, reservation us trendsetters for the rising slope trend in economical pending habits in this post-recession era. Weaknesses Campus Couture has bound funds, inventory and connections to the fashion industry. This makes our company more vulnerable to our competitors who possess extensive fashion expertise and coarse capital allowances for advertising.Our argument excessively has the unique task of having to control the negative stigma attached to letting ramble. As well, the businesss success is heavily dependent on keeping up with the a la mode(p) trends and appealing to the young young-bearing(prenominal)s fashion ask/style. A strong market case and commitment to Campus Coutures business objectives depart hopefully overcome these weaknesses, as well as increase traffic to our website. Seasonality bequeath to a fault impact our feasibility since a queen-sized portion of our target market attends Western University but leave for the s ummer months. . external Analysis 2. 1 political As of January 201 2, students crossways Ontario pick out begun receiving $1 ,600 per annum from the provincial government, as part of an curtain raising to demean to tuition grade. This helps alleviate the monetary stresses for students and also puts more disposable income O.K. into their pockets, thus proving that female students volition pass increase intend to rent dresses and get other novelties. Transmutes are generalizing among environmental groups. These are individuals who none value non-ownership for environmental and ethical reasons.The empty words behind this lies in the fact that the more people share, the fewer goods pack to be produced -? and fewer resources leave be apply up. Therefore, dress rentals definitely cater to those consumers who leave behind farther use something when they truly need it. 2. 2 Economic Due to rising university tuition rates, Western students on come discombobulate less disposable income and and so increased pressure level to spend their currency wisely. Statistics Canada reported in 2008 that Canadian females between 16 ND 1 9 had an average income of $7,100 whereas females between 20 and 24 earned $15,100.If a student in either age cohort had to obliterate living and post- secondary expenses, they would gravel microscopical or no money leftfield for other expenditures. According to Western Statistics, approximately 681 9 bursaries, accounting for roughly $1 5 cardinal were given to students requiring monetary assistance. These statistics imply that many Western students are looking to economize and curb their consumption habits in enunciate to offset their debt from student loans. The population of females at Western is before long 13,990 females that go for gig demand for swanky dresses overdue to the ongoing brotherly mise en scene in London.The price of habit has escalated in as many geezerhood due partially to increased co mmodity, labor, and transportation system costs, as well as markups associated with name rats. Consequently, consumers are finding it increasingly difficult to come out of the closet fashion forward at a reasonable price. On average, Western undergrad students attend 6 to 8 major even offts per semester. 1 Provided that we ignore offer our clientele high superior dresses at a reasonable price, we aspire to take favor of this opportunity and create successful business model that aligns with the needs of price subtle Western University female students. . 3 affable Online shopping has also revolutionized over the last(prenominal) decade. According to Statistics Canada, in 2007 about 8. 4 million Canadian individuals aged 16 years and older used the gain to make almost $12. 8 cardinal in purchases. By 2010, 113. 8 million browses were make by 1 1 2 million Canadians with a value of $15. 3 billion. From 2007 to 2010, the percentage of online shoppers that used the net to purchase clothing, jewelry, and accessories rose from 29% to 36%.This positive correlation demonstrates an increasing trend of online consumers and an opportunity for Campus Couture to capture this market because a large age of these shoppers were females under the age of 30. Currently, 60% of Western students are female this rising trend along with plans to for the University to undertake larger first-year classes secures Campus Couture?s developing target audience. Overall, these conditions are very fond for our company as there is carry evidence that our target market is steady expanding, implying that Campus Couture pull up stakes likely gain customers and increase profits over time. 2.Technological Modern scientific developments, like the Internet lay down increased the consumers access to data thus reduction time spent shopping and has made retail prices more emulous by shifting the power from suppliers to consumers. This transformation is forcing current business es to review their current operations and marketing strategies to better accommodate consumer demands. Campus Couture believes that implementing modern sayation technology to target the budget-conscientious young female consumer and to fulfill their need for fashionable apparel can offer a militant edge over our competitors. 3.Consumer Analysis 3. 1 Market Research In our go over (Exhibit 3, Exhibit), 63% of respondents were inclined to rent a dress while 32% indicated that the composition was not appealing to them. Many hesitated as they worried about cleanliness and unfamiliarity to the concept of dress rentals. Our results show that approximately 73% of respondents are either impartial, agree, or potently agree to this concept. This indicates that if Campus Couture can successfully get on dress rentals as fashionable, economical, and sanitary to the masses, we will unleash potential for large rank revenue volumes and high recalls from this untapped market.In terms of set, 76% of females surveyed indicated that they would spend less than $1 00 and 55% would spend less than $70 on a dress for a picky occasion, therefore implying that price is a ascertain factor for the typical consumer. Therefore, Campus Couture must rent out its dresses at competitive rates to appeal to a vast market In which some would prefer to purchase earlier than rent. 3. 2 Target Market Campus Couture targets young female students and professionals from the Western and London union, ages 1 8 to 25 years old, who are searching for fashionable higher-end formulae at affordable prices.Students are very social individuals, but they are also on a exceptional budget With pressure to dress well, they want to look with child(p) by tiring new dresses. buying new dresses is extremely costly, which is why this demographic would be more inclined to rent. 4. matched Analysis Although, there are no specific businesses that provide a sympathetic service to either community, there are many direct and indirect competitors impeding on Campus Coutures growth potential. 4. 1 Direct Forever 19 With 480 locations and revenue grossing over $2. Billion, Forever xix is extremely popular among teen and young adult females and caters to an array of different styles at great value. In terms of marketing and promotion, Forever XIX has truly capitalized with its e-commerce venture. With Forever XIX inauguration up at Nashville fall out in March 2012, Campus Couture could fore dupe wide disceptation from this clothing retailer. Forever XIX has far greater financial means to purchase inventory and to market their product. They have the potential to capture a larger audience due to their variety of inventory and reasonable pricing.These factors could pose as a real threat to the success of Campus Couture. A drawback to their business model is that with lower pricing comes poorer quality. This brings out the traditional quantity versus quality debate, and Campus Couture wo uld have to evaluate which is more pillow slipful to the desired target market. Forever Xis dresses lie in the same(p) price upchuck as renting from Campus COUtUres power ones, however online purchases incur corresponding shipping charges. rim SASS is a global fashion e-commerce website, located in the UK, which sells fashionable clothing and accessories internationally.With 7. 0 million registered users and 35,000 new products each season, SASS attracts a wide reconcile of demographics, allowing the business to penetrate the global market. By offering free shipping worldwide, consumers are more likely to purchase, however there are a number of downfalls, Canadian customers are required to manufacture two HAST and duties, increasing the overall cost to the consumer. This also makes international returns more difficult, as the consumer will have to pay freight for the level(s) to be returned, which could be costly.In addition, this whitethorn even freeze the companys pote ntial for making sales, as freethinker consumers would be hesitant to order without antecedently seeing the quality of the clothing. The efficiency of the tar service is essential to see to it that customers incur their products on time in order to maintain customer satisfaction. Campus Couture differs as we offer rentals for similar items, but with a limited inventory. Our inventory will focus on the needs of the London community, instead of the world market.With that said, we provide our Members the opportunity to have a personal fitting. In addition, Campus Couture will not have to bother with online payment security and delivery timings, as both will be contendd in-store. And Ezra Our market research relayed that H and Ezra were highly popular within our target market. Whereas, H has a flagship in London, Ezra, is only coated in Toronto. Many Western students are from the Toronto area and travel family unit frequently, thereby making Ezra a direct competitor. Both retaile rs have strong brand recognition and customer loyalty across Canada.Hs business concept is to give the customer unbeatable value by offering style and quality at a reasonable price. Ezra in comparison, concentrates on quality, design, and fast turn nigh. H&Ms dresses retail between $20 and $60 whereas Ezra retails its dresses for $80 based on current website pricing. One weakness both of these companies share is their lack of an online store, while Campus Couture provides its consumers with the ability to reserve dresses online and on your phone. Oftentimes, customers find an item online and by the time they get to the store, the size or color of dress may be sold out.Overall, retailers who transition their marketing scheme to reflect technological trends will be better equipped to handle the the needs Of the modern consumer. Boutiques along capital of Virginia Row Richmond Row is foundation to various local apparel retailers in downtown London. Regardless of our partnership with Elliot, a local boutique (Exhibit 5), they would still outride indirect competitors as similar items would be arrested to the same audience. Price is a bulky factor as Elliot has sizeable profit margins for it sales, however with increased competition and lower prices for the similar goods may result in a price war. Ultimately, Campus Couture will be able to overcome this form of competition due to its offering of a basically different service. 4. 2 Indirect High-End subdivisional Stores High-end department stores including Holt Renew, Anemia Marcus, and Nordstrom provide designer apparel at high costs. These department stores target an older and wealthier demographic than students, who can afford to ay high premiums for higher quality. bandage many of these high-end stores ship to Canada, the costs associated with shipping makes these pieces virtually impossible for the average student to afford.Online char Sales Online Luxury Flash Sales websites such as beyond the Rack, Ne t-a-Porter, and The Peacock Parade are an enterprising trend in todays technology- dependent world. Here, designers and retailers have their merchandise discounted between 50-70% of the veritable retail value. Sales are typically perfectly (under 72 hours) and start at awkward times during the day. This sakes purchasing from these websites difficult and inconvenient for students with busy schedules. Flash sales have limited selection, so specific styles may not be available.Most of these websites have supply in the States, adding shipping costs to the pilot burner purchase price. 5. Four Ups 5. 1 reaping We offer a dress rental service in London Ontario, where consumers can browse our inventory online and reserve dresses, thusly allowing them to come in before their lawsuit to try on the dress and pay for the rental. 5. 2 Placement We chose to place our business in the North London borough because Of its rigidity to Western University and college population, who are lookin g for the in vogue(p) trends and outfits to present themselves in.The area is known for student ho utilise, and therefore is more convenient for them to locomote to in comparison to either centre or the downtown core. We believe that organism located in close propinquity to campus is advantageous as there are no other clothing retailers in the area, unlike the competition we would have face from retailers along Richmond Row or in Nashville. 5. 3 price slice finalizing our inventory, the costs associated were taken into account in order to set the rental fees.The rental price represents 30 to 35% of the original retail price, therefore we will be able to generate a return on our investment after collar rentals. This value is reasonable enough that consumers would still be inclined to rent rather than purchase a dress from elsewhere. As a start-up, we did not want to take too big of a risk. Since the business concept is unfamiliar to a large portion of our demographic, high init ial promotional costs are necessary to testify and penetrate the market. Afterwards, Campus Couture can rely on the social behavior of the demographic to steady build our customer base in years to mom. . 4 Promotion In order to reach out to our clientele, we aim to incorporate a pull strategy, using a variety of social media outlets, promotional events and incentives, and personal selling strategies in an flak to build up consumer demand for high-end designer dress rentals. Promotional Campaign affable Media (Exhibit 6) The 18 to 25 cohort represents the highest consumers of social networking and the Internet. Social media outlets including, Faceable has made girls more open-eyed to keep up with fashion trends and to have an extensive wardrobe for every occasion.Nowadays, girls are self-conscious about rearing the same outfit repeatedly, fearful that someone force remember. Due to these societal pressures, females have resorted to online retail browsing and shopping for clothin g and accessories. With Campus Couture on all major networking sites Faceable, Twitter, and Pinsetters, we can inform our customers about the latest trends and what is new at Campus Couture, enabling our clientele to interact with us, and even see how other clients are wearing Campus Couture. This will positively influence our companys image, as one that cares about its clientles needs before their special event.Mobile Application (Exhibit 7) calculate Campus Couture, at your fingertips. Our mobile cover can be downloaded onto your Blackberry, phone, or Android to see the latest in trends and new in-stock items, and rule obtain fittings. This will allow girls who wait until the 11th hour to reserve a dress at any time. With that said, the mobile application is expected to be of sterling(prenominal) improvement to customers for those always on-the-go. It will also evoke accessibility to our catalogue and overall business, further inclining potential customers to use our servi ce.Undoubtedly, the greatest asset we can gain by using the mobile application s ensuring Campus Coutures constant presence in customers lives. viral Youth Campaign With todays youth eer viewing, posting, and sharing Youth videos all over the social media circuit, Campus Couture has the opportunity to be recognize quickly, without incurring the cost of airing pricy television commercials. By filming a video that highlights Campus Coutures brand power and competitive advantage, we can influence students to share the video.In turn, they will be personally selling Campus Couture to their social circles without even realizing that they are doing it. This will boost inquiries, ND with proper sales provision within the Campus Couture team, this will result in increased volumes of rentals, equating to higher gross revenue as well as a higher return on our initial investment. Print Advertising and excogitate of Mouth (Exhibit 8) Print advertising is a promising technique as it catche s the tutelage of many students while walking around campus.With posters up in areas of high traffic, students will be able to familiarize themselves with Campus Couture. These advertisements will be concentrated in locations with the highest preponderance Of our target market in order to garner their attention. Launch Party The administrator of Campus Couture, Inc. Will be working about with the George Boatswains, Resident DC of Cobra London to target a launch caller and hammer Show on Friday family 14th, 2012. With upwardly of 500 attendees, we hope to make our mark on the Western and London community by selling advance tickets to the event for $10.Advance ticket sales will be a key marketing strategy to spread word out about Campus Couture to all social circles across the campus community. every revenues generated would be paid to Cobra London. The launch ships company will promote our business, while the look Show will best peril Campus Coutures collection to the fema le demographic. This will be coordinated in part with Blackbirds beauty shop and Spas, who have donated their time and expertise into making this event a great success. Our team will be able to personally sell Campus Couture to our target market, while promoting to the masses. . natural Analysis 6. 1 operations Operations will commence on September 1st, 2012 with promotions, leading up to our launch party on September 14th, inaugurating the business. In order to use the site, a customer must make an account (Exhibit 9). Members can search with different dresses by style, color, size, or price. In addition, the calendar widget displays the handiness of each dress. This calendar will mark off the dates that the dress has been booked for, the size, and the event she will be wearing it to, allowing other customers to skim through dresses efficiently.This also ensures that no two people will be renting out the same dress for the same event. Once the customer has decided on a dress, t hey will book a fitting appointment, where Campus Couture will hold onto two sizes of any one dress for the customer, ensuring a proper fit. Once they have been fitted, the client will choose whether to conk out with the rental. Our storefront provides them access to browse through other dresses. If they choose another dress, we would ensure that it was not previously on hold for another customer and that it was clean and undamaged.